Marcion's Shorter Readings of Luke

[Peter Kirby]

This is a first draft. The list includes verse-level differences, with some differences of a length of several words as happened to be found. It lies in-between two other kinds of lists:

Minimal -- Only the passage attested as absent
Maximal -- All of the passages unattested as present

By including everything from the minimal list, and items from the rest that meet one of a few categories of argument for absence:

(1) If it were there, it would have been quoted against Marcion.
(2) There is external support (such as Gk ms D or some OL manuscripts) for the absence.
(3) There is a different narrative logic that can be recovered by the omission; or, in general, there may be some kind of internal evidence argument.

This is similar to my project for Paul's letters: http://peterkirby.com/marcions-shorter- ... -paul.html

This is a first draft. The list was constructed primarily with reference to Roth and BeDuhn. Please let me know what passages I have missed for which there is positive argument for its absence.

There is of course a basic presupposition that Tertullian, Epiphanius, and other things are relevant to the matter -- caveat lector.

As an additional point, I've mentioned the few places where we seem to know that order differed. I did not mention relatively small sections with different wording; some less-than-verse-long considerations are mentioned, but there's no comprehensive account of them here. Differences in wording that don't amount to omissions that are several words long are explicitly not part of this list.

Page numbers are to Jason BeDuhn, The First New Testament.

I decided to break things up into logical sections, following the logic of canonical Luke. "The Beginning" concerns those areas of the gospel where disagreements mostly revolve around the way each gospel starts, before settling down into largely telling the same continuous narrative. "The Early Middle" is the part up to the point where canonical Luke starts talking about Jesus being about to go to, on on his way to, Jeruselem. "The End" starts with the entry into Jerusalem, and "the Resurrection" starts with the women going to the tomb. This can help clarify where, in general, these differences are.

In another post I will present the text itself, along with parallel gospel texts, as I find them.

Again please let me know if you notice anything that could reasonably be added.

The Beginning

Luke 1:1-2:52 - Marc. 4.7.1-6, Pan 42.11.4-5

Luke 3:2-3:20 - Marc. 4.11.4

Luke 3:21-38 - Marc. 4.7.1-6, Pan. 42.11.4-5

Luke 4:1-15 - Marc. 5.6.7

Luke 4:16b-22 - "Luke 4.16b-22 was absent from the Evangelion, according to Tertullian, Marc. 4.7.4: '[Jesus] makes it clear on his first appearance that he is come not to destroy the Law and the Prophets, but rather to fulfill them" - cf. 4.21 - '[but] Marcion has deleted (erasit) this as an interpolation.' Notice the incongruity between Jesus' remarks in Luke 4.23, assuming a hostile audience, and 4.22 (not present in the Evangelion) where the crowd is described as viewing Jesus positively at the conclusion of his declaration of the fulfillment of prophecy. Luke 4.16b is omitted in many Greek manuscripts; 4.22 is also missing in the Greek manuscript Family 13." (pp. 130-131)

Luke 4:24 - "Luke 4.24 is unattested for the Evangelion, and probably could not have been passed over in silence by Tertullian and Epiphanius if it had been present in Marcion's text, since it clearly identifies Jesus' connection to this town, and to him having a human past, both of which these authors sought to argue against the Marcionites. Notice that the statement is a reply to the question of the audience in v. 22, as it is in Mark and Matthew where the answer follows directly on the question; in Ljuke, v. 23 seems to intrude, and indeed has no logical relation to what comes before or immediately after in the text, but rather sets up what follows in vv. 25ff. Thus Luke has the appearance of a composite text. Gk ms 1241 and OL read 'but he said <to them,> "Amen I say to you,"' leading directly into the main clause of 4.25, omitting the rest of v. 24." (p. 131)

(Luke 4:31-35 precedes 4:16f.)

Mark 4:38-39 - "But one must note that it is one of the anomalies of Luke that the statement in 4.38, 'he entered into Simon's house,' comes before the calling of Simon as a disciple in 5.1-11, indeed before any mention of Simon at all, and it therefore belongs with other indications of textual disruption of Luke releative to the Evangelion in this part of the text. It is based on Mark 1.29-31." (The First New Testament, p. 130)

The Early Middle (Galilee in canonical Luke)

(Luke 5:37-38 precedes 5.36.)

Luke 5:39 - "Luke 5:39 is unattested for the Evangelion and absent from Gk ms D, the OL, and the texts of Luke known to Irenaeus and Eusebius. It is one of the Western non-interpolations" of Westcott and Hort. This aphorism is lacking in the parallel passages in Matthew and Mark, and is otherwise attested only in Thomas 47." (p. 135)

(Luke 6:5 may follow 6:10, as in D and in Tertullian's citations.)

Luke 7:31-35 - "Harnack considered 7.31-35 as probably lacking in Marcion's text, because it has some ideas contrary to Marcion's ideology. Would not Tertullian or Epiphanius have made much of Marcion's bodiless Jesus eating and drinking? But Knox and Tsutsui are more cautious, noting only the uncertainty of its presence in the text." (p. 143)

Luke 8:19 - Marc. 4.19.6-7, Pan 42.11.6(12)

Luke 9:23 - "Luke 9.23 is unattested. Tsutsui ('Das Evangelium Marcions,' 92) argues that this verse was lacking since (1) it is unattested, and (2) the 'for' (gar) was definitely missing from the beginning of v. 24, suggesting that it was not a continuation of a previous statement." (p. 149)

Luke 9:25 - "Luke 9.25 is unattested; Tsutsui thinks it was absent, while Harnack is uncertain (Marcion, E37)." (p. 149)

The Late Middle (Journey to Jerusalem in canonical Luke)

Luke 9:31b - Marc. 4.22.16

Luke 9:53 - "In v. 53 Luke has an additional clause, unattested for the Evangelion: 'because his face was set for going to Jerusalem.'" (p. 152)

Luke 10:29-37 - "The parable of the Good Samaritan is unattested for the Evangelion. It goes unmentioned by any of the witnesses to Marcion's text, most tellingly by Pseudo-Ephrem A, which gives orthodox interpretations of the parables found in Marcion's gospel. The story is first attested in Clement of Alexandria and p45 in the early third century." (p. 157)

Luke 11:29b-32 - Marc. 4.27.1, Pan. 42.11.6(25)

Luke 11:42 - "The additional clause in Luke 11.42 - 'These things you were under obligation to do, but those other things not to omit - is unattested for the Evangelion, and was probably lacking, as in Gk ms D and its associated Latin ms d. The United Bible Societies (UBS) text committe considers its absence in D as due to Marcionite influence (Metzger, Textual Commentary, 159), but its presence in the majority of witnesses to Luke is just as likely to be a harmonization to Matthew." (p. 162)

Luke 11:49-51 - Marc. 4.28.3, Pan. 42.11.6(31)

Luke 12:6-7 - Marc. 4.28.3, Pan. 42.11.6(31)

Luke 12:15 - "Luke 12.15 is unattested. It is notable that Thomas 72 and 63 cover the material in this section of canonical Luke with the exception of v. 15 and 21, and so may indirectly support the Evangelion's shorter text." (p. 164)

Luke 12:21 - "Luke 12:21 is unattested; it is omitted from Gk ms D and several OL manuscripts, and it is one of Westcott and Hort's 'Western non-interpolations.'" (p. 164)

Luke 12:28a -Pan. 42.11.6(31)

Luke 13:1-9 - Marc. 4.30.1, Pan. 42.11.6(38)

Luke 13:29-35 - Marc. 4.31.1, Pan. 42.11.6(42)

Luke 14:2-6 - "Luke 14:1-11 is unattested, although Epiphanius makes no mention of the section being omitted. These verses also go unattested in Ephrem, Comm. Diat. Verse 14.1 (lacking from Gk ms 544) sets up vv. 7-11, while the events of vv. 2-6 seem to intrude. Moreover, Tertullian's remarks on 14.12ff. do not include a reference to a setting at a meal for Jesus' instruction that would suggest the sort of continuation of the setting for v. 1 and vv. 7 ff. found in Luke (similarly omitting this reference to a meal setting in v. 12a are the Diatessaron, Gk ms 1071, and one manuscript of SCopt). There is an even stronger reason to conclude that 14.2-6 was abset from the Evangelion, since the latter passage involves Jesus appearing to justify his healing on the sabbath as in accordance with the Law, and yet none of our witnesses cite it against Marcion." (p. 170)

Luke 14:27-32 - "Luke 14.27-32 is unattested; cf. Matt 10.37-38. The statement in v. 27 is a doublet with 9.23b, whose presence in the Evangelion is equally uncertain, and is omitted in several Greek manuscripts (including 544), the SSyr, and the Vulgate. Tertullian knows v. 27 from Luke (De fuge in persecutione 7; Scorpiace 11), but does not mention it in connection with the Evangelion. The two analogies in v. 28-32 go unmentioned in Ephrem, Comm. Diat. The martial elements of v. 31-32 probably would have been cited against Marcion by Tertullian or Epiphanius if they had found it in his text." (p. 171)

Luke 15:11-32 - Marc. 4.33.1, Pan. 42.11.6(42)

Luke 16:13 - "Both Tertullian and Adamantius agree that the Evangelion lacked the clause 'he will hate the one and love the other,' and had only the parallel clause 'he will disregard one and adhere to the other.' In this case, Luke matches the Matthean parallel, while the Evangelion diverges." (p. 172)

Luke 17:7-10a - "Luke 17.5-9 is unattested. ... Tsutsui regards the entire verse [v. 10] as absent, and I concur. Epiphanius commented only on missing material that had some polemical usefulness to him. Ephrem, Comm. Diat., does not mention the content of the verse." (p. 174)

Luke 17:10b - Marc. 4.35.4, Pan. 42.11.6(47)

Luke 17:12c-13 - Marc. 4.35.4, Pan. 42.11.6(48)

Luke 18:31-34 - Marc. 4.36.8, Pan. 42.11.6(52)

Luke 19:14 - "Luke 19.14 is not mentioned in connection with the Evangelion. The material has been introduced somehow into the analogy from the account of Archelaus, son of Herod, in Josephus, JW 2.1ff. or Ant. 17.20.ff." (p. 178)

Luke 19:25 - "Luke 19.24-25 is unattested; several Greek and OL manuscripts as well as the SSyr, CSyr, and Bohairic Coptic versions of Luke, omit v. 25." (p. 179)

Luke 19:27 - "Luke 19.27 is not attested for the Evangelion. Origen, Comm. Matt. 14.13, cites it against the Marcionites, but in a context where it cannot be assumed that he was being careful to cite only material contained in the Evangelion. As in the case of v. 14, it is an addition to the parable based upon Josephus' account of Archelaus' struggle to be king after the death of his father Herod." (p. 179)

The End (in Jerusalem)

Luke 19:29-46 - Marc. 4.38.1, Pan. 42.11.6(53)

Luke 20:9-18 - Marc. 4.38.3, Pan. 42.11.6(55)

Luke 20:19 - "Epiphanius, Scholion 54. Here, too, the Evangelion lacked the 'scribes and chief priests' of Luke, and the 'they' subject inherent in the verb is read in continuity with the subject of the preceding passage (the Pharisees). The Evangelion apparently lacked 'seize him _in that very hour_,' as does OL ms e. It also laacked v. 19b ('for they perceived that he spoke this analogy with them in mind'), also lacking in the SSyr. The analogy (Luke 20.9-16) was itself lacking from the Evangelion." (p. 180)

Luke 20:37-38a - Marc. 4.38.8-9, Pan. 42.11.6(56)

Luke 20:44-47,21:1-6 - "Luke 21.1-4 (the episode of the widow's penny) and 21.5-6 (predictions of doom for Jerusalem) are unattested. The former are not mentioned in Ephrem, Comm. Diat. (cf. Mark 12.41-44). Verses 5-6 are unique to Luke, and are mentioned in Ephrem, Comm. Diat. Both passages are likely to have been mentioned by Tertullian or Epiphanius as cases where Jesus commends support for the Jewish temple and indicates his concern for the center of Jewish identity, respectively. If one leaves out all of the unattested and uncertain material from this section of the Evangelion, the narrative goes directly from the quote concerning the Messiah being enthroned at the right hand of God to the pupils asking when 'these things' will occur (21.7), which Jesus answers first with a warning about false Messiahs - a logical sequence for the original text." (p. 182)

Luke 21:18 - Marc. 4.39.8, Pan. 42.11.6(58)

Luke 21:21-22 - Marc. 4.39.9, Pan. 42.11.6(59)

Luke 21:23-24 - "Luke 21.23-24 is unattested. This reference to Jerusalem's destruction, probably derived from Josephus, J.W. 7.1ff., is not mentinoed by Ephrem, Comm. Diat." (p. 183)

Luke 22:16 - Marc. 4.40.3, Pan. 42.11.6(63)

Luke 22:17-18 - "Luke 22.17-18 is unattested for the Evangelion, and v. 18 is structurely related to the certainly absent v. 16. Adamantius appears to confirm the absence of vv. 17-18 by referring to 'the bread and the cup,' in the order these two items would have in the episode of the last supper without vv. 17-18 (yet it is not certain that Adamantius is using the Evangelion here). A manuscript of the Bohairic Coptic version of Luke omits vv. 16-18, while the Peshitta Syriac (fourth/fifth century), two SCopt manuscripts, and Greek lectionary 32 lack vv. 17-18. Thus, the Evangelion and these miscellaneous textual associates diverge from the textual tradition found in Gk ms D and several OL manuscripts, which have vv. 16-19a but lack vv. 19b-20, and so have the sequence cup-bread found in Did 9.2-3 and 1 Cor 10.16 (Ehrman, Orthodox Corruption of Scripture, 197-209, argues for this as the original reading of Luke)." (p. 185)

Luke 22:21, 22:23 - "Luke 22.21 is unattested. In fact, our sources fail to atttest any explicit reference to the theme of Jesus' betrayer being at the table with him at the Pascha, including both this verse and v. 23, even though it would seem to be implicit in the reference to the 'twelve' emissaries in v. 14." (p. 186)

Luke 22:24-32 - "There is a certain logic in the text going straight from v. 22 to v. 33, and none of our other sources mention any material in between." (p. 186) "Luke 22.28-30 is unattested for the Evangelion, and certainly would have been mentioned by Tertullian or Epiphanius if they had found it in the text, with its reference to feasting in the kingdom of God, its identification between Jesus' pupils and the twelve tribes of Israel (cf. Matt 19.28), and its theme of judgment. Epiphanius, Elenchos 63, does quote v. 30, but in a way that does not make it clear whether it was present or not in the Evangelion." (p. 187) "Luke 22.31-32 is unattested. Some elements of its content, including the reversion to 'Simon' and the prediction of his role as caretaker of the others are reminiscent of John 21.15-17." (p. 187)

Luke 22:35-38 - Marc. 4.41.2, Pan. 42.11.6(64)

Luke 22:42-44 - "Luke 22.42-44 is unattested for the Evangelion and appears to have been absent from P69. Verses 22.43-44 would have been useful for Epiphanius or Tertullian in making a point of Jesus' physicality. They are lacking in many Greek manuscripts, including P75, along with the SSyr, the SCopt, OL ms f, and were stricken out by the first corrector of the Gk ms Sinaiticus. But no other witness to Luke lacks v. 42 except P69, which may be crucial in identifying it as a fragment of the Evangelion." (p. 188)

Luke 22:49-51 - Marc. 4.41.3, Pan. 42.11.6(67)

Luke 22:62 - "Luke 22.62 is unattested; it is lacking in the majority of OL mansuscripts, and is one of Westcott and Hort's 'Western non-interpolations.'" (p. 189)
Luke 22:68 - "Luke 22.68 is unattested for the Evangelion, and is also absent from OL ms e." (p. 189)

Luke 23:17 - "Luke 23.13-17 is unattested. Verse 23.17 is missing from P75 and many other Greek manuscripts." (p. 190)

Luke 23:34b - Marc. 4.41.4

Luke 23:43 - Marc. 4.42.5, Pan. 42.11.6(72)

The Resurrection

Luke 24:2 - "Luke 24.2 is unattested for the Evangelion, and it should be noted that a stone sealing the tomb has not been mentioned previously even in Luke. Several witnesses to Luke make various additions to the text to catch the reader up on the presence of the stone, as found in Matthew and Mark, but this verse appears to derive from a scribal harmonization to those other gospels." (p. 193)

Luke 24:3 - "The Evangelion evidently read 'the body,' without the clarifying phrase 'of the master Jesus' found in many manuscripts of Luke. It shares this certainly more original reading (agreeing with one of Westcott and Hort's 'Western Non-interpolations') with Gk ms D and the majority of OL manuscripts. Tyson, Marcion and Luke-Acts, 102, points out that the combined expression kyrios Iesous is otherwise unknown in Luke, but used repeatedly in Acts (1.21; 4.33; 8.16; 9.17; 11.20; 15.11; 16.31; 19.5; 19.13; 19.17; 20.21; 20.24; 20.35; 21.13; and with the additional element christos in 11.17; 15.26; 28.31). Several Greek mansucripts, the Diatessaron, the SSyr and CSyr, and a manuscript of the Bohairic Coptic attest to an earlier expansion, adding only 'of Jesus' without 'the master.'" (pp. 193-194)

Luke 24:12 - "Luke 24.12 is unattested, generally thought to be secondary in Luke. It is one of Westcott and Hort's 'Western non-interpolations,' missing from Gk ms D and most OL manuscripts. It is paralleled by John 20.3-8, with some striking verbal similarities (parakupsas, othonia, blepei in historical present)." (p. 195)

Luke 24:27 - "Luke 24.27-29 is unattested. Verse 27 would surely have been commented upon by Tertullian or Epiphanius if they found it in Marcion's text. It is somewhat surprising that Epiphanius does not note the textual variance. The same verse is likewise lacking in Gk ms 1313 (possibly due to haplography), and goes unmentioned in Ephrem, Comm. Diat. Some of the content of vv. 28-29 was probably present, since it is needed to advance the narrative to a meal setting." (p. 196)

Luke 24:32 - "Luke 24.32 is unattested for the Evangelion. It is coordinated to v. 27, also unattested for the Evangelion, and would certainly have been cited by our sources if it appeared. It is not mentioned in Ephrem, Comm. Diat." (p. 196)

Luke 24:34 - "Verse 34 was almost certainly absent from the Evangelion, as were the other two references to Peter visiting the empty tomb found in Luke (note the use of the name 'Simon' in this material; the Evangelion consistently refers to 'Peter' after the first introduction of the figure as Simon Peter)." (p. 196)

Luke 24:40 - "Luke 24.40 is unattested, and one of Westcott and Hort's 'Western non-interpolations,' missing in Gk ms D, the OL, SSyr, and CSyr, and not mentinoed in Ephrem, Comm. Diat.; cf. John 20.19." (p. 197)

Luke 24:44b-46 - "Luke 24.44b-46 is unattested, and likely to have been cited by Tertullian or Epiphanius if present. It goes unmentioned in Ephrem, Comm. Diat." (p. 198) "Tertullian's wording [of v. 47] suggests that the Evangelion gave this as direct speech (as it is in Gk ms 33 and SSyr), and so a continuation of the direct speech introduced at v. 44a. Luke has an addition phrase at the end of v. 47, 'starting out from Jerusalem,' unattested for the Evangelion and absent from the Diatessaron." (p. 198)

Luke 24:49-53 - It's unclear which parts of this may or may not have been in the Evangelion (for example, it may not have the return to Jerusalem, among other things).

[Peter Kirby]

Quotations from the NAB.

The Beginning

Luke 1:1-2:52 - Marc. 4.7.1-6, Pan 42.11.4-5

1 Since many have undertaken to compile a narrative of the events that have been fulfilled among us,a 2 just as those who were eyewitnesses from the beginning and ministers of the word have handed them down to us,b 3 I too have decided, after investigating everything accurately anew, to write it down in an orderly sequence for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may realize the certainty of the teachings you have received.

5 In the days of Herod, King of Judea, there was a priest named Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah; his wife was from the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.c 6 Both were righteous in the eyes of God, observing all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blamelessly. 7 But they had no child, because Elizabeth was barren and both were advanced in years.d 8 Once when he was serving as priest in his division’s turn before God, 9 according to the practice of the priestly service, he was chosen by lot to enter the sanctuary of the Lord to burn incense.e 10 Then, when the whole assembly of the people was praying outside at the hour of the incense offering, 11 the angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing at the right of the altar of incense. 12 Zechariah was troubled by what he saw, and fear came upon him. 13 But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid,* Zechariah, because your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you shall name him John.f 14 And you will have joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth, 15 for he will be great in the sight of [the] Lord. He will drink neither wine nor strong drink.* He will be filled with the holy Spirit even from his mother’s womb,g 16 and he will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God. 17 He will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah* to turn the hearts of fathers toward children and the disobedient to the understanding of the righteous, to prepare a people fit for the Lord.”h 18 Then Zechariah said to the angel, “How shall I know this? For I am an old man, and my wife is advanced in years.” 19 And the angel said to him in reply, “I am Gabriel,* who stand before God. I was sent to speak to you and to announce to you this good news.i 20 But now you will be speechless and unable to talk* until the day these things take place, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled at their proper time.”j 21 Meanwhile the people were waiting for Zechariah and were amazed that he stayed so long in the sanctuary. 22 But when he came out, he was unable to speak to them, and they realized that he had seen a vision in the sanctuary. He was gesturing to them but remained mute. 23 Then, when his days of ministry were completed, he went home. 24 After this time his wife Elizabeth conceived, and she went into seclusion for five months, saying, 25 “So has the Lord done for me at a time when he has seen fit to take away my disgrace before others.”k

26 In the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a town of Galilee called Nazareth, 27 to a virgin betrothed to a man named Joseph, of the house of David, and the virgin’s name was Mary.l 28 And coming to her, he said, “Hail, favored one! The Lord is with you.”m 29 But she was greatly troubled at what was said and pondered what sort of greeting this might be. 30 Then the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. 31 n Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name him Jesus. 32 o He will be great and will be called Son of the Most High,* and the Lord God will give him the throne of David his father, 33 and he will rule over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end.”p 34 But Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, since I have no relations with a man?”* 35 And the angel said to her in reply, “The holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore the child to be born will be called holy, the Son of God.q 36 And behold, Elizabeth, your relative, has also conceived* a son in her old age, and this is the sixth month for her who was called barren; 37 for nothing will be impossible for God.”r 38 Mary said, “Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord. May it be done to me according to your word.” Then the angel departed from her.

39 During those days Mary set out and traveled to the hill country in haste to a town of Judah, 40 where she entered the house of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth. 41 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the infant leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth, filled with the holy Spirit,s 42 cried out in a loud voice and said, “Most blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb.t 43 And how does this happen to me, that the mother of my Lord* should come to me? 44 For at the moment the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the infant in my womb leaped for joy. 45 Blessed are you who believed* that what was spoken to you by the Lord would be fulfilled.”u

46 v And Mary said:* “My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord;w 47 my spirit rejoices in God my savior.x 48 For he has looked upon his handmaid’s lowliness; behold, from now on will all ages call me blessed.y 49 The Mighty One has done great things for me, and holy is his name.z 50 His mercy is from age to age to those who fear him.a 51 He has shown might with his arm, dispersed the arrogant of mind and heart.b 52 He has thrown down the rulers from their thrones but lifted up the lowly.c 53 The hungry he has filled with good things; the rich he has sent away empty.d 54 He has helped Israel his servant, remembering his mercy,e 55 according to his promise to our fathers, to Abraham and to his descendants forever.”f 56 Mary remained with her about three months and then returned to her home.

57 When the time arrived for Elizabeth to have her child she gave birth to a son. 58 Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown his great mercy toward her, and they rejoiced with her.g 59 When they came on the eighth day to circumciseh the child, they were going to call him Zechariah after his father, 60 but his mother said in reply, “No. He will be called John.”i 61 But they answered her, “There is no one among your relatives who has this name.” 62 So they made signs, asking his father what he wished him to be called. 63 He asked for a tablet and wrote, “John is his name,” and all were amazed. 64 Immediately his mouth was opened, his tongue freed, and he spoke blessing God.j 65 Then fear came upon all their neighbors, and all these matters were discussed throughout the hill country of Judea. 66 All who heard these things took them to heart, saying, “What, then, will this child be?” For surely the hand of the Lord was with him.

67 Then Zechariah his father, filled with the holy Spirit, prophesied, saying: 68 “Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, for he has visited and brought redemption to his people.k 69 He has raised up a horn for our salvation within the house of David his servant,l 70 even as he promised through the mouth of his holy prophets from of old: 71 salvation from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us,m 72 to show mercy to our fathersn and to be mindful of his holy covenanto 73 and of the oath he swore to Abraham our father,p and to grant us that, 74 rescued from the hand of enemies, without fear we might worship him 75 in holiness and righteousness before him all our days.q 76 And you, child, will be called prophet of the Most High, for you will go before the Lord* to prepare his ways,r 77 to give his people knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins, 78 because of the tender mercy of our Gods by which the daybreak from on high will visit us t 79 to shine on those who sit in darkness and death’s shadow, to guide our feet into the path of peace.” 80 The child grew and became strong in spirit, and he was in the desert until the day of his manifestation to Israel.u

1 In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that the whole world should be enrolled. 2 This was the first enrollment, when Quirinius was governor of Syria. 3 So all went to be enrolled, each to his own town. 4 And Joseph too went up from Galilee from the town of Nazareth to Judea, to the city of David that is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David,a 5 to be enrolled with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child.b 6 While they were there, the time came for her to have her child, 7 and she gave birth to her firstborn son.* She wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.c 8 Now there were shepherds in that region living in the fields and keeping the night watch over their flock. 9 The angel of the Lord appeared to them and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were struck with great fear.d 10 The angel said to them, “Do not be afraid; for behold, I proclaim to you good news of great joy that will be for all the people. 11 e For today in the city of David a savior has been born for you who is Messiah and Lord. 12 And this will be a sign for you: you will find an infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.” 13 And suddenly there was a multitude of the heavenly host with the angel, praising God and saying: 14 “Glory to God in the highestf and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests.”

15 When the angels went away from them to heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go, then, to Bethlehem to see this thing that has taken place, which the Lord has made known to us.” 16 So they went in haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the infant lying in the manger. 17 When they saw this, they made known the message that had been told them about this child. 18 All who heard it were amazed by what had been told them by the shepherds. 19 And Mary kept all these things, reflecting on them in her heart. 20 Then the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, just as it had been told to them.

21 When eight days were completed for his circumcision,* he was named Jesus, the name given him by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.g 22 When the days were completed for their purification* according to the law of Moses, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord,h 23 just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male that opens the womb shall be consecrated to the Lord,”i 24 and to offer the sacrifice of “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons,” in accordance with the dictate in the law of the Lord. 25 Now there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, awaiting the consolation of Israel,* and the holy Spirit was upon him. 26 It had been revealed to him by the holy Spirit that he should not see death before he had seen the Messiah of the Lord. 27 He came in the Spirit into the temple; and when the parents brought in the child Jesus to perform the custom of the law in regard to him, 28 he took him into his arms and blessed God, saying: 29 “Now, Master, you may let your servant go in peace, according to your word, 30 for my eyes have seen your salvation,j 31 which you prepared in sight of all the peoples, 32 a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and glory for your people Israel.”k 33 The child’s father and mother were amazed at what was said about him; 34 and Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, “Behold, this child is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be contradictedl 35 (and you yourself a sword will pierce) so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.” 36 There was also a prophetess, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was advanced in years, having lived seven years with her husband after her marriage, 37 and then as a widow until she was eighty-four. She never left the temple, but worshiped night and day with fasting and prayer. 38 And coming forward at that very time, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem.m

39 When they had fulfilled all the prescriptions of the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth.n 40 The child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom; and the favor of God was upon him.o

41 Each year his parents went to Jerusalem for the feast of Passover,p 42 and when he was twelve years old, they went up according to festival custom. 43 After they had completed its days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, but his parents did not know it. 44 Thinking that he was in the caravan, they journeyed for a day and looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances, 45 but not finding him, they returned to Jerusalem to look for him. 46 After three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions, 47 and all who heard him were astounded at his understanding and his answers. 48 When his parents saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, “Son, why have you done this to us? Your father and I have been looking for you with great anxiety.” 49 And he said to them, “Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 50 But they did not understand what he said to them. 51 He went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them; and his mother kept all these things in her heart.q 52 And Jesus advanced [in] wisdom and age and favor before God and man.r

a. [1:1–4] Acts 1:1; 1 Cor 15:3.
b. [1:2] 24:48; Jn 15:27; Acts 1:21–22.
c. [1:5] 1 Chr 24:10.
d. [1:7] Gn 18:11; Jgs 13:2–5; 1 Sm 1:5–6.
e. [1:9] Ex 30:7.
f. [1:13] 1:57, 60, 63; Mt 1:20–21.
g. [1:15] 7:33; Nm 6:1–21; Jgs 13:4; 1 Sm 1:11 LXX.
h. [1:17] Sir 48:10; Mal 3:1; 3:23–24; Mt 11:14; 17:11–13.
i. [1:19] Dn 8:16; 9:21.
j. [1:20] 1:45.
k. [1:25] Gn 30:23.
l. [1:27] 2:5; Mt 1:16, 18.
m. [1:28] Jgs 6:12; Ru 2:4; Jdt 13:18.
n. [1:31] Gn 16:11; Jgs 13:3; Is 7:14; Mt 1:21–23.
o. [1:32–33] 2 Sm 7:12, 13, 16; Is 9:7.
p. [1:33] Dn 2:44; 7:14; Mi 4:7; Mt 28:18.
q. [1:35] Mt 1:20.
r. [1:37] Gn 18:14; Jer 32:27; Mt 19:26.
s. [1:41] 1:15; Gn 25:22 LXX.
t. [1:42] 11:27–28; Jgs 5:24; Jdt 13:18; Dt 28:4.
u. [1:45] 1:20.
v. [1:46–55] 1 Sm 2:1–10.
w. [1:46] Ps 35:9; Is 61:10; Heb 3:18.
x. [1:47] Ti 3:4; Jude 25.
y. [1:48] 11:27; 1 Sm 1:11; 2 Sm 16:12; 2 Kgs 14:26; Ps 113:7.
z. [1:49] Dt 10:21; Ps 71:19; 111:9; 126:2–3.
a. [1:50] Ps 89:2; 103:13, 17.
b. [1:51] Ps 89:10; 118:15; Jer 32:17 (39:17 LXX).
c. [1:52] 1 Sm 2:7; 2 Sm 22:28; Jb 5:11; 12:19; Ps 147:6; Sir 10:14; Jas 4:6; 1 Pt 5:5.
d. [1:53] 1 Sm 2:5; Ps 107:9.
e. [1:54] Ps 98:3; Is 41:8–9.
f. [1:55] Gn 13:15; 17:7; 18:18; 22:17–18; Mi 7:20.
g. [1:58] 1:14.
h. [1:59] 2:21; Gn 17:10, 12; Lv 12:3.
i. [1:60] 1:13.
j. [1:64] 1:20.
k. [1:68] 7:16; Ps 41:13; 72:18; 106:48; 111:9.
l. [1:69] Ps 18:3.
m. [1:71] Ps 106:10.
n. [1:72–73] Gn 17:7; Lv 26:42; Ps 105:8–9; Mi 7:20.
o. [1:72] Ps 106:45–46.
p. [1:73–74] Gn 22:16–17.
q. [1:75] Ti 2:12.
r. [1:76] Is 40:3; Mal 3:1; Mt 3:3; 11:10.
s. [1:78–79] Is 60:1–2.
t. [1:78] Mal 3:20.
u. [1:80] 2:40; Mt 3:1.
a. [2:4] Mi 5:2; Mt 2:6.
b. [2:5] 1:27; Mt 1:18.
c. [2:7] Mt 1:25.
d. [2:9] 1:11, 26.
e. [2:11] Mt 1:21; 16:16; Jn 4:42; Acts 2:36; 5:31; Phil 2:11.
f. [2:14] 19:38.
g. [2:21] 1:31; Gn 17:12; Mt 1:21.
h. [2:22–24] Lv 12:2–8.
i. [2:23] Ex 13:2, 12.
j. [2:30–31] 3:6; Is 40:5 LXX; 52:10.
k. [2:32] Is 42:6; 46:13; 49:6; Acts 13:47; 26:23.
l. [2:34] 12:51; Is 8:14; Jn 9:39; Rom 9:33; 1 Cor 1:23; 1 Pt 2:7–8.
m. [2:38] Is 52:9.
n. [2:39] Mt 2:23.
o. [2:40] 1:80; 2:52.
p. [2:41] Ex 12:24–27; 23:15; Dt 16:1–8.
q. [2:51] 2:19.
r. [2:52] 1:80; 2:40; 1 Sm 2:26.

Luke 3:2-3:20 - Marc. 4.11.4

... and Herod was tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias was tetrarch of Abilene, 2 during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas,* the word of God came to Johnb the son of Zechariah in the desert. 3 * He went throughout [the] whole region of the Jordan, proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins,c 4 as it is written in the book of the words of the prophet Isaiah:

“A voice of one crying out in the desert:
‘Prepare the way of the Lord,e
make straight his paths.
5 Every valley shall be filled
and every mountain and hill shall be made low.
The winding roads shall be made straight,
and the rough ways made smooth,
6 and all flesh shall see the salvation of God.’”f

7 He said to the crowds who came out to be baptized by him, “You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?g 8 Produce good fruits as evidence of your repentance; and do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father,’ for I tell you, God can raise up children to Abraham from these stones.h 9 Even now the ax lies at the root of the trees. Therefore every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.”i 10 And the crowds asked him, “What then should we do?” 11 He said to them in reply, “Whoever has two tunics should share with the person who has none. And whoever has food should do likewise.” 12 Even tax collectors came to be baptized and they said to him, “Teacher, what should we do?”j 13 He answered them, “Stop collecting more than what is prescribed.” 14 Soldiers also asked him, “And what is it that we should do?” He told them, “Do not practice extortion, do not falsely accuse anyone, and be satisfied with your wages.”

15 k Now the people were filled with expectation, and all were asking in their hearts whether John might be the Messiah. 16 John answered them all, saying,l “I am baptizing you with water, but one mightier than I is coming. I am not worthy to loosen the thongs of his sandals. He will baptize you with the holy Spirit and fire. 17 His winnowing fan* is in his hand to clear his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his barn, but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.”m 18 Exhorting them in many other ways, he preached good news to the people. 19 Now Herod the tetrarch,n who had been censured by him because of Herodias, his brother’s wife, and because of all the evil deeds Herod had committed, 20 added still another to these by [also] putting John in prison.

a. [3:1–20] Mt 3:1–12; Mk 1:1–8; Jn 1:19–28.
b. [3:2] 1:80.
c. [3:3] Acts 13:24; 19:4.
d. [3:4–6] Is 40:3–5.
e. [3:4] Jn 1:23.
f. [3:6] 2:30–31.
g. [3:7] Mt 12:34.
h. [3:8] Jn 8:39.
i. [3:9] Mt 7:19; Jn 15:6.
j. [3:12] 7:29.
k. [3:15–16] Acts 13:25.
l. [3:16] 7:19–20; Jn 1:27; Acts 1:5; 11:16.
m. [3:17] Mt 3:12.
n. [3:19–20] Mt 14:3–4; Mk 6:17–18.

Luke 3:21-38 - Marc. 4.7.1-6, Pan. 42.11.4-5

o After all the people had been baptized and Jesus also had been baptized and was praying,* heaven was opened 22 p and the holy Spirit descended upon him in bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.”

23 q When Jesus began his ministry he was about thirty years of age. He was the son, as was thought, of Joseph, the son of Heli,r 24 the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, 25 the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Esli, the son of Naggai, 26 the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, 27 the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri,s 28 the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er, 29 the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, 30 the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim, 31 t the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David,* 32 the son of Jesse,u the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Sala, the son of Nahshon, 33 the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez,v the son of Judah,w 34 the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham,x the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, 35 the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, 36 the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem,y the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, 37 the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan, 38 the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam,z the son of God.

o. [3:21–22] Mt 3:13–17; Mk 1:9–11.
p. [3:22] 9:35; Ps 2:7; Is 42:1; Mt 12:18; 17:5; Mk 9:7; Jn 1:32; 2 Pt 1:17.
q. [3:23–38] Mt 1:1–17.
r. [3:23] 4:22; Jn 6:42.
s. [3:27] 1 Chr 3:17; Ez 3:2.
t. [3:31] 2 Sm 5:14.
u. [3:31–32] 1 Sm 16:1, 18.
v. [3:31–33] Ru 4:17–22; 1 Chr 2:1–15.
w. [3:33] Gn 29:35; 38:29.
x. [3:34] Gn 21:3; 25:26; 1 Chr 1:34; 28:34.
y. [3:34–36] Gn 11:10–26; 1 Chr 1:24–27.
z. [3:36–38] Gn 4:25–5:32; 1 Chr 1:1–4.

Luke 4:1-15 - Marc. 5.6.7

1 a Filled with the holy Spirit, Jesus returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the desert 2 for forty days, to be tempted by the devil. He ate nothing during those days, and when they were over he was hungry.b 3 The devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.” 4 Jesus answered him, “It is written, ‘One does not live by bread alone.’”c 5 Then he took him up and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a single instant. 6 The devil said to him, “I shall give to you all this power and their glory; for it has been handed over to me, and I may give it to whomever I wish.d 7 All this will be yours, if you worship me.” 8 Jesus said to him in reply, “It is written: ‘You shall worship the Lord, your God, and him alone shall you serve.’”e 9 Then he led him to Jerusalem, made him stand on the parapet of the temple, and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here, 10 for it is written: ‘He will command his angels concerning you, to guard you,’f 11 and: ‘With their hands they will support you, lest you dash your foot against a stone.’”g 12 Jesus said to him in reply, “It also says, ‘You shall not put the Lord, your God, to the test.’”h 13 When the devil had finished every temptation,i he departed from him for a time.

14 j Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit, and news of him spread throughout the whole region.k 15 He taught in their synagogues and was praised by all.

a. [4:1–13] Mt 4:1–11; Mk 1:12–13.
b. [4:2] Heb 4:15.
c. [4:4] Dt 8:3.
d. [4:6] Jer 27:5; Mt 28:18.
e. [4:8] Dt 6:13.
f. [4:10] Ps 91:11.
g. [4:11] Ps 91:12.
h. [4:12] Dt 6:16; 1 Cor 10:9.
i. [4:13] 22:3; Jn 13:2, 27; Heb 4:15.
j. [4:14–15] Mt 4:12–17; Mk 1:14–15.
k. [4:14] 5:15; Mt 3:16.

Luke 4:16b-22 - BeDuhn, pp. 130-131

16 [He came to Nazareth,] where he had grown up, [and went according to] his [custom into the synagogue on the sabbath day]. He stood up to read 17 and was handed a scroll of the prophet Isaiah. He unrolled the scroll and found the passage where it was written: 18 “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring glad tidings to the poor.m He has sent me to proclaim liberty to captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to let the oppressed go free, 19 and to proclaim a year acceptable to the Lord.”

20 Rolling up the scroll, he handed it back to the attendant and sat down, and the eyes of all in the synagogue looked intently at him. 21 He said to them, “Today this scripture passage is fulfilled in your hearing.” 22 And all spoke highly of him and were amazed at the gracious words that came from his mouth. They also asked, “Isn’t this the son of Joseph?”n

l. [4:16–30] Mt 13:53–58; Mk 6:1–6.
m. [4:18–19] Is 61:1–2; 58:6.
n. [4:22] 3:23; Jn 6:42.

Luke 4:24 - BeDuhn, p. 131

“...no prophet is accepted in his own native place.”

[cf. Mark 6:4 // Matthew 13:57]

Luke 4:38-39 - BeDuhn, p. 130

w After he left the synagogue, he entered the house of Simon. Simon’s mother-in-law was afflicted with a severe fever, and they interceded with him about her. 39 He stood over her, rebuked the fever, and it left her. She got up immediately and waited on them.

w. [4:38–39] Mt 8:14–15; Mk 1:29–31.

The Early Middle (Galilee in canonical Luke)

Luke 5:39 - BeDuhn, p. 135

[And] no one who has been drinking old wine desires new, for he says, ‘The old is good.’

[cf. Mt 9:14–17; Mk 2:18–22.]

Luke 7:31-35 - BeDuhn, p. 143

“Then to what shall I compare the people of this generation? What are they like?m 32 They are like children who sit in the marketplace and call to one another,
‘We played the flute for you, but you did not dance. We sang a dirge, but you did not weep.’ 33 For John the Baptist came neither eating food nor drinking wine, and you said, ‘He is possessed by a demon.’ 34 The Son of Man came eating and drinking and you said, ‘Look, he is a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners.’n 35 But wisdom is vindicated by all her children.”

m. [7:31–35] Mt 11:16–19.
n. [7:34] 15:2.

Luke 8:19 - Marc. 4.19.6-7, Pan 42.11.6(12)

Then his mother and his brothers came to him but were unable to join him because of the crowd.

m. [8:19–21] Mt 12:46–50; Mk 3:31–35.

Luke 9:23 - BeDuhn, p. 149

Then he said to all, “If anyone wishes to come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me.n

n. [9:23] 14:27; Mt 10:38.
[cf. Mark 8:34]

Luke 9:25 - BeDuhn, p. 149

What profit is there for one to gain the whole world yet lose or forfeit himself?

The Late Middle (Journey to Jerusalem in canonical Luke)

Luke 9:31b - Marc. 4.22.16

...and spoke of his exodus that he was going to accomplish in Jerusalem.

r. [9:31] 9:22; 13:33.

Luke 9:51, 9:53 - BeDuhn, p. 152

51 ... he resolutely determined to journey to Jerusalem,
53 ... because the destination of his journey was Jerusalem.

a. [9:51] 9:53; 13:22, 33; 17:11; 18:31; 19:28; 24:51; Acts 1:2, 9–11, 22.

Luke 10:29-37 - BeDuhn, p. 157

29 But because he wished to justify himself, he said to Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?” 30 Jesus replied, “A man fell victim to robbers as he went down from Jerusalem to Jericho. They stripped and beat him and went off leaving him half-dead. 31 A priest happened to be going down that road, but when he saw him, he passed by on the opposite side. 32 Likewise a Levite came to the place, and when he saw him, he passed by on the opposite side. 33 But a Samaritan traveler who came upon him was moved with compassion at the sight. 34 He approached the victim, poured oil and wine over his wounds and bandaged them. Then he lifted him up on his own animal, took him to an inn and cared for him. 35 The next day he took out two silver coins and gave them to the innkeeper with the instruction, ‘Take care of him. If you spend more than what I have given you, I shall repay you on my way back.’ 36 Which of these three, in your opinion, was neighbor to the robbers’ victim?” 37 He answered, “The one who treated him with mercy.” Jesus said to him, “Go and do likewise.”

Luke 11:29b-32 - Marc. 4.27.1, Pan. 42.11.6(25)

“This generation is an evil generation; it seeks a sign, but no sign will be given it, except the sign of Jonah.n 30 Just as Jonah became a sign to the Ninevites, so will the Son of Man be to this generation. 31 At the judgment the queen of the south will rise with the men of this generation and she will condemn them, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and there is something greater than Solomon here.o 32 At the judgment the men of Nineveh will arise with this generation and condemn it, because at the preaching of Jonah they repented, and there is something greater than Jonah here.p

m. [11:29–32] Mt 12:38–42; Mk 8:12.
n. [11:29] Mt 16:1, 4; Jn 6:30; 1 Cor 1:22.
o. [11:31] 1 Kgs 10:1–10; 2 Chr 9:1–12.
p. [11:32] Jon 3:8, 10.

Luke 11:42 - BeDuhn, p. 162

... These you should have done, without overlooking the others.w

w. [11:42] Lv 27:30; Mt 23:23.

Luke 11:49-51 - Marc. 4.28.3, Pan. 42.11.6(31)

49 b Therefore, the wisdom of God said, ‘I will send to them prophets and apostles; some of them they will kill and persecute’ 50 in order that this generation might be charged with the blood of all the prophets shed since the foundation of the world, 51 from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah* who died between the altar and the temple building. Yes, I tell you, this generation will be charged with their blood!c

b. [11:49–51] Mt 23:34–36.
c. [11:51] Gn 4:8; 2 Chr 24:20–22.

Luke 12:6-7 - Marc. 4.28.3, Pan. 42.11.6(31)

6 Are not five sparrows sold for two small coins? Yet not one of them has escaped the notice of God. 7 Even the hairs of your head have all been counted. Do not be afraid. You are worth more than many sparrows.d

b. [12:2–9] Mt 10:26–33.
d. [12:7] 12:24; 21:18; Acts 27:34.

Luke 12:15 - BeDuhn, p. 164

Then he said to the crowd, “Take care to guard against all greed, for though one may be rich, one’s life does not consist of possessions.”i

i. [12:15] 1 Tm 6:9–10.

Luke 12:21 - BeDuhn, p. 164

Thus will it be for the one who stores up treasure for himself but is not rich in what matters to God.”

j. [12:19–21] Mt 6:19–21; 1 Tm 6:17.

Luke 12:28a - Pan. 42.11.6(31)

Non liquet. (Extent of alteration, if any, uncertain.)

Luke 13:1-9 - Marc. 4.30.1, Pan. 42.11.6(38)

1 At that time some people who were present there told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with the blood of their sacrifices. 2 He said to them in reply, “Do you think that because these Galileans suffered in this way they were greater sinners than all other Galileans?a 3 By no means! But I tell you, if you do not repent,b you will all perish as they did! 4 Or those eighteen people who were killed when the tower at Siloam fell on them*—do you think they were more guilty than everyone else who lived in Jerusalem? 5 By no means! But I tell you, if you do not repent, you will all perish as they did!”

6 c And he told them this parable: “There once was a person who had a fig tree planted in his orchard, and when he came in search of fruit on it but found none, 7 he said to the gardener, ‘For three years now I have come in search of fruit on this fig tree but have found none. [So] cut it down. Why should it exhaust the soil?’ 8 He said to him in reply, ‘Sir, leave it for this year also, and I shall cultivate the ground around it and fertilize it; 9 it may bear fruit in the future. If not you can cut it down.’”

a. [13:2] Jn 9:2.
b. [13:3–5] Jn 8:24.
c. [13:6–9] Jer 8:13; Heb 3:17; Mt 21:19; Mk 11:13.

Luke 13:29-35 - Marc. 4.31.1, Pan. 42.11.6(42)

29 And people will come from the east and the west and from the north and the south and will recline at table in the kingdom of God.o 30 For behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.”p

31 At that time some Pharisees came to him and said, “Go away, leave this area because Herod wants to kill you.” 32 He replied, “Go and tell that fox, ‘Behold, I cast out demons and I perform healings today and tomorrow, and on the third day I accomplish my purpose. 33 Yet I must continue on my way today,q tomorrow, and the following day, for it is impossible that a prophet should die outside of Jerusalem.’

34 “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how many times I yearned to gather your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, but you were unwilling! 35 Behold, your house will be abandoned. [But] I tell you, you will not see me until [the time comes when] you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.’”s

n. [13:28–29] Mt 8:11–12.
o. [13:29] Ps 107:2–3.
p. [13:30] Mt 19:20; 20:16; Mk 10:31.
q. [13:33] 2:38; Jn 6:30; 8:20.
r. [13:34–35] 19:41–44; Mt 23:37–39.
s. [13:35] 19:38; 1 Kgs 9:7–8; Ps 118:26; Jer 7:4–7, 13–15; 12:7; 22:5.

Luke 14:2-6 - BeDuhn, p. 170

2 In front of him there was a man suffering from dropsy. 3 Jesus spoke to the scholars of the law and Pharisees in reply, asking, “Is it lawful to cure on the sabbath or not?”c 4 But they kept silent; so he took the man and, after he had healed him, dismissed him. 5 Then he said to them, “Who among you, if your son or ox falls into a cistern, would not immediately pull him out on the sabbath day?”d 6 But they were unable to answer his question.e

a. [14:1–6] 6:6–11; 13:10–17.
b. [14:1] 11:37.
c. [14:3] 6:9; Mk 3:4.
d. [14:5] 13:15; Dt 22:4; Mt 12:11.
e. [14:6] Mt 22:46.

Luke 14:27-32 - BeDuhn, p. 171

27 Whoever does not carry his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple.n 28 Which of you wishing to construct a tower does not first sit down and calculate the cost to see if there is enough for its completion? 29 Otherwise, after laying the foundation and finding himself unable to finish the work the onlookers should laugh at him 30 and say, ‘This one began to build but did not have the resources to finish.’ 31 Or what king marching into battle would not first sit down and decide whether with ten thousand troops he can successfully oppose another king advancing upon him with twenty thousand troops? 32 But if not, while he is still far away, he will send a delegation to ask for peace terms.

n. [14:27] 9:23; Mt 16:24; Mk 8:34.

Luke 15:11-32 - Marc. 4.33.1, Pan. 42.11.6(42)

11 Then he said, “A man had two sons, 12 and the younger son said to his father, ‘Father, give me the share of your estate that should come to me.’ So the father divided the property between them. 13 After a few days, the younger son collected all his belongings and set off to a distant country where he squandered his inheritance on a life of dissipation.g 14 When he had freely spent everything, a severe famine struck that country, and he found himself in dire need. 15 So he hired himself out to one of the local citizens who sent him to his farm to tend the swine. 16 And he longed to eat his fill of the pods on which the swine fed, but nobody gave him any. 17 Coming to his senses he thought, ‘How many of my father’s hired workers have more than enough food to eat, but here am I, dying from hunger. 18 I shall get up and go to my father and I shall say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. 19 I no longer deserve to be called your son; treat me as you would treat one of your hired workers.”’ 20 So he got up and went back to his father. While he was still a long way off, his father caught sight of him, and was filled with compassion. He ran to his son, embraced him and kissed him. 21 His son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you; I no longer deserve to be called your son.’ 22 But his father ordered his servants, ‘Quickly bring the finest robe and put it on him; put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet. 23 Take the fattened calf and slaughter it. Then let us celebrate with a feast, 24 because this son of mine was dead, and has come to life again; he was lost, and has been found.’ Then the celebration began. 25 Now the older son had been out in the field and, on his way back, as he neared the house, he heard the sound of music and dancing. 26 He called one of the servants and asked what this might mean. 27 The servant said to him, ‘Your brother has returned and your father has slaughtered the fattened calf because he has him back safe and sound.’ 28 He became angry, and when he refused to enter the house, his father came out and pleaded with him. 29 He said to his father in reply, ‘Look, all these years I served you and not once did I disobey your orders; yet you never gave me even a young goat to feast on with my friends. 30 But when your son returns who swallowed up your property with prostitutes, for him you slaughter the fattened calf.’ 31 He said to him, ‘My son, you are here with me always; everything I have is yours. 32 But now we must celebrate and rejoice, because your brother was dead and has come to life again; he was lost and has been found.’”

g. [15:13] Prv 29:3.

Luke 16:13 - BeDuhn, p. 172

... either hate one and love the other, or ...

d. [16:13] Mt 6:24.

Luke 17:7-10a - BeDuhn, p. 174
Luke 17:10b - Marc. 4.35.4, Pan. 42.11.6(47)

7 “Who among you would say to your servant who has just come in from plowing or tending sheep in the field, ‘Come here immediately and take your place at table’? 8 Would he not rather say to him, ‘Prepare something for me to eat. Put on your apron and wait on me while I eat and drink. You may eat and drink when I am finished’? 9 Is he grateful to that servant because he did what was commanded? 10 So should it be with you. When you have done all you have been commanded, say, ‘We are unprofitable servants; we have done what we were obliged to do.’”

Luke 17:12c-13 - Marc. 4.35.4, Pan. 42.11.6(48)

They stood at a distance from him 13 and raised their voice, saying, “Jesus, Master! Have pity on us!”f

f. [17:13] 18:38; Mt 9:27; 15:22.

Luke 18:31-34 - Marc. 4.36.8, Pan. 42.11.6(52)

31 Then he took the Twelve aside and said to them, “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem and everything written by the prophets about the Son of Man will be fulfilled. 32 p He will be handed over to the Gentiles and he will be mocked and insulted and spat upon; 33 and after they have scourged him they will kill him, but on the third day he will rise.” 34 But they understood nothing of this; the word remained hidden from them and they failed to comprehend what he said.q

o. [18:31–34] 24:25–27, 44; Mt 20:17–19; Mk 10:32–34; Acts 3:18.
p. [18:32–33] 9:22, 44.
q. [18:34] Mk 9:32.

Luke 19:14 - BeDuhn, p. 178

His fellow citizens, however, despised him and sent a delegation after him to announce, ‘We do not want this man to be our king.’

Luke 19:25 - BeDuhn, p. 179

But they said to him, ‘Sir, he has ten gold coins.’

Luke 19:27 - BeDuhn, p. 179

Now as for those enemies of mine who did not want me as their king, bring them here and slay them before me.’”

The End (in Jerusalem)

Luke 19:29-46 - Marc. 4.38.1, Pan. 42.11.6(53)

29 As he drew near to Bethphage and Bethany at the place called the Mount of Olives, he sent two of his disciples.j 30 He said, “Go into the village opposite you, and as you enter it you will find a colt tethered on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it here.k 31 And if anyone should ask you, ‘Why are you untying it?’ you will answer, ‘The Master has need of it.’” 32 So those who had been sent went off and found everything just as he had told them.l 33 And as they were untying the colt, its owners said to them, “Why are you untying this colt?” 34 They answered, “The Master has need of it.” 35 m So they brought it to Jesus, threw their cloaks over the colt, and helped Jesus to mount. 36 As he rode along, the people were spreading their cloaks on the road; 37 and now as he was approaching the slope of the Mount of Olives, the whole multitude of his disciples began to praise God aloud with joy for all the mighty deeds they had seen. 38 They proclaimed: “Blessed is the king who comes in the name of the Lord.* Peace in heaven and glory in the highest.”n 39 Some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to him, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples.” 40 He said in reply, “I tell you, if they keep silent, the stones will cry out!”

41 o As he drew near, he saw the city and wept over it,p 42 saying, “If this day you only knew what makes for peace—but now it is hidden from your eyes.q 43 For the days are coming upon you when your enemies will raise a palisade against you; they will encircle you and hem you in on all sides.r 44 They will smash you to the ground and your children within you, and they will not leave one stone upon another within you because you did not recognize the time of your visitation.”s

45 t Then Jesus entered the temple area* and proceeded to drive out those who were selling things,u 46 saying to them, “It is written, ‘My house shall be a house of prayer, but you have made it a den of thieves.’”v

j. [19:29] Zec 14:4.
k. [19:30] Nm 19:2; Dt 21:3; 1 Sm 6:7; Zec 9:9.
l. [19:32] 22:13.
m. [19:35–36] 2 Kgs 9:13.
n. [19:38] 2:14; Ps 118:26.
o. [19:41–44] 13:34–35.
p. [19:41] 2 Kgs 8:11–12; Jer 14:17; 15:5.
q. [19:42] 8:10; Is 6:9–10; Mt 13:14; Mk 4:12; Acts 28:26–27; Rom 11:8, 10.
r. [19:43] Is 29:3.
s. [19:44] 1:68; 21:6; Ps 137:9; Mt 24:2; Mk 13:2.
t. [19:45–46] Mt 21:12–13; Mk 11:15–17; Jn 2:13–17.
u. [19:45] 3:1 / Hos 9:15.
v. [19:46] Is 56:7; Jer 7:11.

Luke 20:9-18 - Marc. 4.38.3, Pan. 42.11.6(55)

9 e Then he proceeded to tell the people this parable. “[A] man planted a vineyard, leased it to tenant farmers, and then went on a journey for a long time.f 10 At harvest time he sent a servantg to the tenant farmers to receive some of the produce of the vineyard. But they beat the servant and sent him away empty-handed. 11 So he proceeded to send another servant, but him also they beat and insulted and sent away empty-handed. 12 Then he proceeded to send a third, but this one too they wounded and threw out. 13 The owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I shall send my beloved son; maybe they will respect him.’h 14 But when the tenant farmers saw him they said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Let us kill him that the inheritance may become ours.’ 15 So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16 He will come and put those tenant farmers to death and turn over the vineyard to others.” When the people heard this, they exclaimed, “Let it not be so!” 17 But he looked at them and asked, “What then does this scripture passage mean: ‘The stone which the builders rejected has become the cornerstone’?i 18 Everyone who falls on that stone will be dashed to pieces; and it will crush anyone on whom it falls.”

e. [20:9–19] Mt 21:33–46; Mk 12:1–12.
f. [20:9] Is 5:1–7.
g. [20:10–12] 2 Chr 36:15–16.
h. [20:13] 3:22.
i. [20:17] Ps 118:22; Is 28:16.

Luke 20:19 - BeDuhn, p. 180

... at that very hour ... for they knew that he had addressed this parable to them.j

j. [20:19] 19:47–48; 22:2; Mt 21:46; Mk 11:18; 12:12; 14:1–2; Jn 5:18; 7:30.

Luke 20:37-38a - Marc. 4.38.8-9, Pan. 42.11.6(56)

37 That the dead will rise even Moses made known in the passage about the bush, when he called ‘Lord’ the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob;r 38 and he is not God of the dead, but of the living, ...

r. [20:37] Ex 3:2, 6, 15–16.
s. [20:38] Rom 14:8–9.

Luke 20:44-47, 21:1-6 - BeDuhn, p. 182

44 Now if David calls him ‘lord,’ how can he be his son?”w 45 Then, within the hearing of all the people, he said to [his] disciples, 46 “Be on guard against the scribes, who like to go around in long robes and love greetings in marketplaces, seats of honor in synagogues, and places of honor at banquets.x 47 They devour the houses of widows and, as a pretext, recite lengthy prayers. They will receive a very severe condemnation.” 1 a When he looked up he saw some wealthy people putting their offerings into the treasury 2 and he noticed a poor widow putting in two small coins. 3 He said, “I tell you truly, this poor widow put in more than all the rest; 4 for those others have all made offerings from their surplus wealth, but she, from her poverty, has offered her whole livelihood.”

b 5 While some people were speaking about how the temple was adorned with costly stones and votive offerings, he said, 6 “All that you see here—the days will come when there will not be left a stone upon another stone that will not be thrown down.”c

a. [21:1–4] Mk 12:41–44.
b. [21:5–6] Mt 24:1–2; Mk 13:1–2.
c. [21:6] 19:44.
u. [20:41–44] Mt 22:41–45; Mk 12:35–37.
v. [20:42–43] Ps 110:1.
w. [20:45–47] 11:37–54; Mt 23:1–36; Mk 12:38–40.
x. [20:46] 14:7–11.

Luke 21:18 - Marc. 4.39.8, Pan. 42.11.6(58)

but not a hair on your head will be destroyed.l

l. [21:18] 12:7; 1 Sm 14:45; Mt 10:30; Acts 27:34.

Luke 21:21-22 - Marc. 4.39.9, Pan. 42.11.6(59)
Luke 21:23-24 - BeDuhn, p. 183

21 Then those in Judea must flee to the mountains. Let those within the city escape from it, and let those in the countryside not enter the city,p 22 for these days are the time of punishment when all the scriptures are fulfilled. 23 Woe to pregnant women and nursing mothers in those days, for a terrible calamity will come upon the earth and a wrathful judgment upon this people.q 24 They will fall by the edge of the sword and be taken as captives to all the Gentiles; and Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles* are fulfilled.r

n. [21:20–24] Mt 24:15–21; Mk 13:14–19.
o. [21:20–22] 19:41–44.
p. [21:21] 17:31.
q. [21:23] 1 Cor 7:26.
r. [21:24] Tb 14:5; Ps 79:1; Is 63:18; Jer 21:7; Rom 11:25; Rev 11:2.

Luke 22:16 - Marc. 4.40.3, Pan. 42.11.6(63)
Luke 22:17-18 - BeDuhn, p. 185

for, I tell you, I shall not eat it [again] until there is fulfillment in the kingdom of God.”i 17 Then he took a cup, gave thanks, and said, “Take this and share it among yourselves; 18 for I tell you [that] from this time on I shall not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.”

h. [22:14–20] Mt 26:20, 26–30; Mk 14:17, 22–26; 1 Cor 11:23–25.
i. [22:16] 13:29.

Luke 22:21, 22:23 - BeDuhn, p. 186
Luke 22:24-32 - BeDuhn, p. 187

21 l“And yet behold, the hand of the one who is to betray me is with me on the table; ...
23 And they began to debate among themselves who among them would do such a deed.

24 Then an argument broke out among them m about which of them should be regarded as the greatest. 25 n He said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them and those in authority over them are addressed as ‘Benefactors’; 26 but among you it shall not be so. Rather, let the greatest among you be as the youngest, and the leader as the servant.o 27 For who is greater: the one seated at table or the one who serves? Is it not the one seated at table? I am among you as the one who serves. 28 It is you who have stood by me in my trials; 29 and I confer a kingdom on you, just as my Father has conferred one on me,p 30 that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom; and you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.q

31 “Simon, Simon, behold Satan has demanded to sift all of you like wheat,s 32 but I have prayed that your own faith may not fail; and once you have turned back, you must strengthen your brothers.”

l. [22:21–23] Ps 41:10; Mt 26:21–25; Mk 14:18–21; Jn 13:21–30.
m. [22:24] 9:46; Mt 18:1; Mk 9:34.
n. [22:25–27] Mt 20:25–27; Mk 10:42–44; Jn 13:3–16.
o. [22:26] Mt 23:11; Mk 9:35.
p. [22:29] 12:32.
q. [22:30] Mt 19:28.
r. [22:31–34] Mt 26:33–35; Mk 14:29–31; Jn 13:37–38.
s. [22:31] Jb 1:6–12; Am 9:9.

Luke 22:35-38 - Marc. 4.41.2, Pan. 42.11.6(64)

35 v He said to them, “When I sent you forth without a money bag or a sack or sandals, were you in need of anything?” “No, nothing,” they replied. 36 w He said to them,* “But now one who has a money bag should take it, and likewise a sack, and one who does not have a sword should sell his cloak and buy one. 37 For I tell you that this scripture must be fulfilled in me, namely, ‘He was counted among the wicked’; and indeed what is written about me is coming to fulfillment.”x 38 Then they said, “Lord, look, there are two swords here.” But he replied, “It is enough!”*

v. [22:35] 9:3; 10:4; Mt 10:9–10; Mk 6:7–9.
w. [22:36] 22:49.
x. [22:37] Is 53:12.

Luke 22:42-44 - BeDuhn, p. 188

42 saying, “Father, if you are willing, take this cup away from me; still, not my will but yours be done.”b *[ 43 And to strengthen him an angel from heaven appeared to him. 44 He was in such agony and he prayed so fervently that his sweat became like drops of blood falling on the ground.]

b. [22:42] Mt 6:10.

Luke 22:49-51 - Marc. 4.41.3, Pan. 42.11.6(67)

49 His disciples realized what was about to happen, and they asked, “Lord, shall we strike with a sword?”e 50 And one of them struck the high priest’s servant and cut off his right ear.f 51 But Jesus said in reply, “Stop, no more of this!” Then he touched the servant’s ear and healed him.

d. [22:47–53] Mt 26:47–56; Mk 14:43–50; Jn 18:3–4.
e. [22:49] 22:36.
f. [22:50] Jn 18:26.

Luke 22:62 - BeDuhn, p. 189

He went out and began to weep bitterly.

Luke 23:17 - BeDuhn, p. 190

* [23:17] This verse, “He was obliged to release one prisoner for them at the festival,” is not part of the original text of Luke. It is an explanatory gloss from Mk 15:6 (also Mt 27:15) and is not found in many early and important Greek manuscripts. On its historical background, see notes on Mt 27:15–26.

Luke 23:34b - Marc. 4.41.4

They divided his garments by casting lots.r

r. [23:34] Nm 15:27–31; Ps 22:19; Mt 5:44; Acts 7:60.

Luke 23:43 - Marc. 4.42.5, Pan. 42.11.6(72)

He replied to him, “Amen, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.”x

x. [23:43] 2 Cor 12:3; Rev 2:7.

The Resurrection

Luke 24:2 - BeDuhn, p. 193

They found the stone rolled away from the tomb;

a. [24:1–8] Mt 28:1–8; Mk 16:1–8; Jn 20:1–17.

Luke 24:3 - BeDuhn, pp. 193-194

... of the Lord Jesus.

Luke 24:12 - BeDuhn, p. 195

But Peter got up and ran to the tomb, bent down, and saw the burial cloths alone; then he went home amazed at what had happened.

h. [24:12] Jn 20:3–7.

Luke 24:27 - BeDuhn, p. 196

Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them what referred to him in all the scriptures.p

p. [24:27] 24:44; Dt 18:15; Ps 22:1–18; Is 53; 1 Pt 1:10–11.

Luke 24:32 - BeDuhn, p. 196

Then they said to each other, “Were not our hearts burning [within us] while he spoke to us on the way and opened the scriptures to us?”

Luke 24:34 - BeDuhn, p. 196

who were saying, “The Lord has truly been raised and has appeared to Simon!”q

q. [24:34] 1 Cor 15:4–5.

Luke 24:40 - BeDuhn, p. 197

u And as he said this, he showed them his hands and his feet.

u. [24:40–41] Jn 21:5, 9–10, 13.

Luke 24:44b-46 - BeDuhn, p. 198

“These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the law of Moses and in the prophets and psalms must be fulfilled.”w 45 Then he opened their minds to understand the scriptures.x 46 And he said to them,y “Thus it is written that the Messiah would suffer and rise from the dead on the third day.”

w. [24:44] 18:31; 24:27; Mt 16:21; Jn 5:39, 46.
x. [24:45] Jn 20:9.
y. [24:46] 9:22; Is 53; Hos 6:2.

Luke 24:49-53 - (speculative)

[Evangelion?]
"The gospel will be preached in my name to all the nations. ... 48 You are witnesses of these things." ... 50 Then he ... raised his hands, and blessed them. 51 As he blessed them he parted from them and was taken up to heaven.

[Luke?]
47 and that repentance, for the forgiveness of sins, [would be preached in his name to all the nations,] beginning from Jerusalem.z 48 [You are witnesses of these things.a] 49 And behold I am sending the promise of my Father upon you; but stay in the city until you are clothed with power from on high.”b 50 c Then he led them out as far as Bethany, raised his hands, and blessed them. 51 [As he blessed them he parted from them and was taken up to heaven.]
52 They did him homage and then returned to Jerusalem with great joy,d 53 and they were continually in the temple praising God.

z. [24:47] Mt 3:2; 28:19–20; Mk 16:15–16; Acts 10:41.
a. [24:48] Acts 1:8.
b. [24:49] Jn 14:26; Acts 1:4; 2:3–4.
c. [24:50–51] Mk 16:19; Acts 1:9–11.
d. [24:52] Acts 1:12.

[Secret Alias]

If you believe that Book 4 started off as a commentary on Marcion's gospel and that Epiphanius had before him the Marcionite gospel sure. But Book 4 wasn't a commentary on Marcion's gospel originally and Epiphanius was just collating references to Marcion's gospel (or what he thought were references to Marcion's gospel) in other sources. No one knew what the Marcionite gospel looked like in the West after Irenaeus. Those closest to the fire so to speak were those who lived where Marcionism was the dominant Christian sect, the religion which spoke for Christianity in the East at least for a long while (Ephrem, Eznik etc). But go with it.

[Ben C. Smith]

Peter, I think the following are small deviations on your part from what BeDuhn presents:

• There is a confusion between 9.24 and 9.25 in your presentation.
• BeDuhn includes the first clause of 9.53 ("but they would not welcome him"), which you exclude.
• BeDuhn includes 11.29 ("This generation is an evil generation; it seeks a sign, but no sign will be given it, except the sign of Jonah."), which you exclude.
• BeDuhn includes all but the last sentence of 11.42, but you exclude the entire verse.
• BeDuhn excludes only one phrase ("for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else") in 16.13, whereas you include nothing.
• BeDuhn includes all but two phrases of 20.19 ("the chief priests and the scribes," "that very hour"), but you exclude the entire verse.
• BeDuhn includes at least most of 20.44, which you exclude.

[Peter Kirby]

• BeDuhn includes all but the last sentence of 11.42, but you exclude the entire verse.
• BeDuhn excludes only one phrase ("for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else") in 16.13, whereas you include nothing.
• BeDuhn includes all but two phrases of 20.19 ("the chief priests and the scribes," "that very hour"), but you exclude the entire verse.
• BeDuhn includes at least most of 20.44, which you exclude.

Thanks. I was actually meaning to go back and fix up this specific thing (exclusions less than an entire verse); I should have made a note of that.

[Ben C. Smith]

• BeDuhn includes all but the last sentence of 11.42, but you exclude the entire verse.
• BeDuhn excludes only one phrase ("for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else") in 16.13, whereas you include nothing.
• BeDuhn includes all but two phrases of 20.19 ("the chief priests and the scribes," "that very hour"), but you exclude the entire verse.
• BeDuhn includes at least most of 20.44, which you exclude.

Thanks. I was actually meaning to go back and fix up this specific thing (exclusions less than an entire verse); I should have made a note of that.

Ah, I see. Well, I may not have caught them all anyway. I ran through them pretty quickly in between other tasks.