Biblical Criticism & History Forum - earlywritings.com

The "again" of Galatians 2:1's "up again to Jerusalem" obviously refers to Paul's earlier meeting with Cephas and James in Galatians 1:18-19.

Some have suggested that the textual presence of Paul's first meeting with James in Galatians 1:18-19 might not be authentic because when Irenaeus quotes Galatians 2:1 in Against Heresies 3.13.3 he omits the word "again" (at least according to W. Wigan Harvey's latin text, seen here: http://www.textexcavation.com/documents ... h3p040.jpg).

Galatians 2:1 "Then after fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus along with me"

Irenaeus' quotation (Latin): "deinde post xiv annos ascendi in hierosalymam", ommitting "iterum" ("again") as found in the Latin Vulgate.

However, every English translation I can find translates Irenaeus saying "again":

http://www.catholiccrossreference.com/f ... ians%202:1
http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/t ... book3.html
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.iv.xiv.html

What's going on here? Are these English translations duds? Is Harvey's Latin text a dud? Am I missing something in the Latin there? Are there any Greek fragments of Irenaeus 3.13.3?

toejam wrote: ↑Thu Feb 15, 2018 7:21 pm The "again" of Galatians 2:1's "up again to Jerusalem" obviously refers to Paul's earlier meeting with Cephas and James in Galatians 1:18-19.

Some have suggested that the textual presence of Paul's first meeting with James in Galatians 1:18-19 might not be authentic because when Irenaeus quotes Galatians 2:1 in Against Heresies 3.13.3 he omits the word "again" (at least according to W. Wigan Harvey's latin text, seen here: http://www.textexcavation.com/documents ... h3p040.jpg).

Galatians 2:1 "Then after fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus along with me"

Irenaeus' quotation (latin): "deinde post xiv annos ascendi in hierosalymam", ommitting "iterum" ("again") as found in the Latin Vulgate.

However, every English translation I can find each translate Irenaeus saying "again":

http://www.catholiccrossreference.com/f ... ians%202:1
http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/t ... book3.html
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.iv.xiv.html

What's going on here? Are these English translations duds? Is Harvey's latin text a dud? Are there any greek fragments of Irenaeus 3.13.3?

A lot of English translations will harmonize patristic quotations to the presumed biblical text. It is unfortunate, but it happens. Harvey's Latin text is, I believe, accurate. Uncial 075 also omits πάλιν, as do an Old Latin manuscript, some Vulgate manuscripts, a Coptic and a Georgian manuscript, Tertullian while discussing Marcion's text, and a few other fathers.

Thanks Ben. So the variation is prominent among Latin texts, but only a single example in the Greek from the 10thC. Interesting.

So we definitely don't have a Greek copy AH 3.13.3, right? My understanding is that there are Greek fragments of AH but none from this book.

It is also missing in the Marcionite text, per Tertullian 5.3.1, although a paraphrase, and the text in Latin, it is derived from the Greek and early 3rd century - making it the earliest witness (I date Irenaeus a little later, and recognize the Latin text of his works much later and somewhat doctored, but still an early witness).

I would suggest reading Hermann Detering's analysis of the Macionite text on this point (attached, since I could no longer find it online); see bullets #9 and #10 for a full explanation. His reconstruction of Galatians in Marcionite form is by far the best available in public.

toejam wrote: ↑Thu Feb 15, 2018 9:02 pm So we definitely don't have a Greek copy AH 3.13.3, right? My understanding is that there are Greek fragments of AH but none from this book.

To my knowledge, there is no Greek fragment of this exact part of Against Heresies. But it is not correct to say that no Greek fragment exists for book 3; there is papyrus Oxyrhynchus 405: viewtopic.php?f=3&t=2133&p=47972#p47972. (Also, if by "fragment" you also mean patristic quotations, there are plenty in Greek from book 3.)

Thanks again.

toejam wrote: ↑Thu Feb 15, 2018 9:02 pm So we definitely don't have a Greek copy AH 3.13.3, right? My understanding is that there are Greek fragments of AH but none from this book.

Harvey's edition of the book is online (I think you would actually have to download it from www.archive.org) and it will show you every Greek fragment, more or less above the corresponding Latin translation. As far as I am aware, Harvey's edition was and still is the most complete, although I wouldn't be surprised if fragments haven't come to light.

DCH

^Thanks. I found Harvey's text here: https://archive.org/search.php?query=ha ... s%20sancti

To make the whole situation clear as mud, here is a side by side comparison.

RSV Gal 1:	BGT Gal 1:	DRA Gal 1:	VUL Gal 1:	Irenaeus ANF vol 1	Irenaeus, Harvey vol 2
15 But when he who had set me apart before I was born, and had called me through his grace,	15 Ὅτε δὲ εὐδόκησεν [ὁ θεὸς] ὁ ἀφορίσας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου καὶ καλέσας διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ	15 But when it pleased him, who separated me from my mother's womb, and called me by his grace,	15 cum autem placuit ei qui me segregavit de utero matris meae et vocavit per gratiam suam	5.12.5 “But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother’s womb, and called me by His grace/5.15.3 “But when it pleased [God], who separated me from my mother’s womb	5.12.5 (v.2 pg 354) Cum autem placuit Deo, qui me ex utero matris meae segregavit, et vocavit per gratiam suam/5.15.3 (v.2 pg 365-366) Quando autem complacuit ei, qui me segregavit ex utero matris meae,
16 was pleased to reveal his Son to me, in order that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not confer with flesh and blood,	16 ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί, ἵνα εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, εὐθέως οὐ προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι	16 To reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the Gentiles, immediately I condescended not to flesh and blood.	16 ut revelaret Filium suum in me ut evangelizarem illum in gentibus continuo non adquievi carni et sanguini	5.12.5 to reveal His Son in me, that I might preach Him among the Gentiles,” ... / 5.15.3 that I might declare Him among the nations.”	5.12.5 revelare Filium suum in me, ut evangelisarem eum in gentibus / 5.15.3 uti evangelisarem eum in gentibus..
17 nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me, but I went away into Arabia; and again I returned to Damascus.	17 οὐδὲ ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα πρὸς τοὺς πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἀποστόλους, ἀλλὰ ἀπῆλθον εἰς Ἀραβίαν καὶ πάλιν ὑπέστρεψα εἰς Δαμασκόν.	17 Neither went I to Jerusalem, to the apostles who were before me: but I went into Arabia, and again I returned to Damascus.	17 neque veni Hierosolyma ad antecessores meos apostolos sed abii in Arabiam et iterum reversus sum Damascum	Not directly cited	Not directly cited
18 Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas, and remained with him fifteen days.	18 Ἔπειτα μετὰ ἔτη τρία ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἱστορῆσαι Κηφᾶν καὶ ἐπέμεινα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡμέρας δεκαπέντε,	18 Then, after three years, I went to Jerusalem, to see Peter, and I tarried with him fifteen days.	18 deinde post annos tres veni Hierosolyma videre Petrum et mansi apud eum diebus quindecim
19 But I saw none of the other apostles except James the Lord's brother.	19 ἕτερον δὲ τῶν ἀποστόλων οὐκ εἶδον εἰ μὴ Ἰάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ κυρίου.	19 But other of the apostles I saw none, saving James the brother of the Lord.	19 alium autem apostolorum vidi neminem nisi Iacobum fratrem Domini
20 (In what I am writing to you, before God, I do not lie!)	20 ἃ δὲ γράφω ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ ὅτι οὐ ψεύδομαι.	20 Now the things which I write to you, behold, before God, I lie not.	20 quae autem scribo vobis ecce coram Deo quia non mentior
21 Then I went into the regions of Syria and Cilicia.	21 Ἔπειτα ἦλθον εἰς τὰ κλίματα τῆς Συρίας καὶ τῆς Κιλικίας·	21 Afterwards I came into the regions of Syria and Cilicia.	21 deinde veni in partes Syriae et Ciliciae
22 And I was still not known by sight to the churches of Christ in Judea;	22 ἤμην δὲ ἀγνοούμενος τῷ προσώπῳ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ἰουδαίας ταῖς ἐν Χριστῷ.	22 And I was unknown by face to the churches of Judea, which were in Christ:	22 eram autem ignotus facie ecclesiis Iudaeae quae erant in Christo
23 they only heard it said, "He who once persecuted us is now preaching the faith he once tried to destroy."	23 μόνον δὲ ἀκούοντες ἦσαν ὅτι ὁ διώκων ἡμᾶς ποτε νῦν εὐαγγελίζεται τὴν πίστιν ἥν ποτε ἐπόρθει,	23 But they had heard only: He, who persecuted us in times past, doth now preach the faith which once he impugned:	23 tantum autem auditum habebant quoniam qui persequebatur nos aliquando nunc evangelizat fidem quam aliquando expugnabat
24 And they glorified God because of me.	24 καὶ ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν.	24 And they glorified God in me.	24 et in me clarificabant Deum
2:1 Then after fourteen years	2:1 Ἔπειτα διὰ δεκατεσσάρων ἐτῶν	2:1 Then, after fourteen years,	2:1 deinde post annos quattuordecim	3.13.3 "... Then, fourteen years after,	3.13.3 (v.2 pg 74)... Deinde post XIV annos
I went up again to Jerusalem	πάλιν ἀνέβην εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα	I went up again to Jerusalem	iterum ascendi Hierosolyma	I went up [again] to Jerusalem	ascendi in Hierosolymam
with Barnabas, taking Titus along with me.	μετὰ Βαρναβᾶ συμπαραλαβὼν καὶ Τίτον·	with Barnabas, taking Titus also with me. ...	cum Barnaba adsumpto et Tito ...	with Barnabas, taking also Titus. ..."	cum Barnaba, assumens et Titum. ...

The English translators of Irenaeus (I think Roberts & Donaldson) were too quick to make the citations in Irenaeus that quote Galatians conform to the Vulgate, even when certain words are not even present. In the case of Gal 1;15-16, there is both a full (5:12.5) and an abbreviated quotation (5.15.3). The citation from gal 2:1 might be abbreviated as well, but that doesn't give the translator the right to add the missing words to the translation without some sort of notation.

The Latin of Irenaeus' citation of Galatians 1:15-16 & 2:1 are quite different from the Vulgate translations of those passages. Ignoring for the moment that fact that Irenaeus and Galatians were both written in Greek, I wonder if the Latin translator of Irenaeus may have whipped up this translation of Gal 2:1 ad hoc, possibly because he had no Latin translation of this book available to quote, or at least did not have a translation related to the Vulgate.

< head spinnin' yet?>

DCH

Edit 2/17/18: Realized that Gal 1:15-16 is cited twice in Irenaeus. Made corrections and provide page numbers to Harvey's text, and re-wrote my final paragraphs.