Back to the Nazareth Issue

Discussion about the New Testament, apocrypha, gnostics, church fathers, Christian origins, historical Jesus or otherwise, etc.
Japhethite
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Re: Back to the Nazareth Issue

Post by Japhethite »

Matthew 2 says dwelt in a city called Nazareth. Matthew 4 says Jesus left Nazareth and came to dwelt at Capernaum.
Mark 1 says Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee (verse 9), and Jesus of Nazareth (verse 24).
Luke 1 says Gabriel sent to a city whose name was Nazareth. Luke 2 says Joseph went up out from/of the town Nazareth (verse 4), and they later returned to the town of Nazareth (verse 39), and they came to Nazareth (verse 51). Luke 4:16 says Jesus came to Nazareth where he had been brought up.
John 1 says Jesus of Nazareth, and out of Nazareth.
That is testimony of 2 or 3 witnesses that there was a city or town being called Nazareth, unless the English translation is wrong. (Though some claim that 2 or 3 gospels were based on 1 earliest one.) Opinion/evidence is divided on whether the conventional Nazareth (Notsrat/Natseret/Natzeret/Natzaret) was or was not a town or village at the time of Christ. If it was not then an alternative possible candidate is Nabratein, or Nasor (En Hazor / Kh. Hazireh, 1 Maccabees 11:67), or Zaretan, or Kadesh Naphtali, or Gennesaret, or Zefat/Safed, or Bet Netofa, or Exaloth/Chesulloth (near Nazareth), or Anaharath, or Narbata, or Sinnen Nabra (Sennabris?), or Jezreel? Arsareth in 2 Esdras 13 is similar.
Some relate Nazarene/Nazareth to natsar "watch/guard/keep" which could be fit for Jesus, it could also fit Safed "lookout" and Nabratein.

The gospel says there was an Old Testament prophecy that Jesus would be a Nazarene, but it is said that this prophecy is not known/found in the Old Testament, though some of the prophets (Isaiah) did refer to the messiah as a notzri/netser "sprout/shoot/branch". Jesus was called the sprout/shoot of Jesse and branch of David.
The Talmud mentions one Yeishu ha-Notzri (notsri/ntsr/nezer/netzer/netser "shoot/sprout/branch") in ca 100 bc in Maccabean times who might be Yeshua/Jesus of Nazareth, though some scholars say Yeishu may not be Jesus.

The Nazarene prophecy has been suggested to be the verse in Judges about Samson being a Nazarite/Nazirite (natzir/nazir "consecrated/devoted"), but experts in Hebrew say that Nazarene or notzri and Nazarite have different "z" letters in the Hebrew alphabetic script (tzadhe and tzayin)?
"There is no evidence that Jesus was a Nazarite or took the Nazarite vow." "Nazarites didn't drink wine but Jesus did." Though Jesus is often supposed to have had long hair.

There was a sect of Jews or Jewish Christians called the Notsarim/Notsrim or Nazoraioi/Nazoreans/Nazarenes and a sect called the Nozrei ha-Brit "Keepers of the Convenant" in the times of Jesus, but some say these were separate to Jesus and the messianic/christian sect.
A source says Christians were called Nazorenes (Nazarenes?) The Mandeans/Sabians/Subbis were also called Nasoraje/Nasoreans.
There was also a sect called the Naassenes, but their name is suposed to be from different root word related to Nahash "serpent" in Genesis.

Some relate Nazarene/Nazareth to najjar "carpenter/builder/mason/architect" or "holyman/adept/initiate" (compare tekton).
One source claims Nazareen "a member of a mystic group schooled for 9 years in Alexandria".

Nzr is "ruler" in Genesis 49:26.
The Gospel of Philip claims the word Nazar/Nazarene means "the truth" or "he who reveals what is hidden".

There is Mt Nisir/Nimush in Sumerian/Akkadian where the Ark landed at end of the Flood/Deluge.
An-sir/As-sir is "lord + serpent" in Sumerian.
Neter is "god" or an adze in Egyptian.
Nasr is a bird (an eagle or vulture?) god in Arabian, maybe related to Nisroch?
The Arabic name Nasir/Nazir (as used in Robin of Sherwood) means "helper" or "one who gives victory" (note Nazareth is similar to Lazarus/Eleazar with an n/l interchange or prefix?) The Arabic title nazir refers to an overseer. There are also the later Nusayri (Alawites), and Nizari/Nizar(i) (Assassins/Ismailis/Shiites).
Also maybe similar are Nestorius/Nestorian, or St Gregory of Nazianzen/Nazianzus?

Possibly similar names/words are:
Netzah "eternity, perpetuity, victory, endurance" is one of the lower Sepphiroth in the Cabalistic tree.
Nasi "prince, president" is a Jewish title.
Nephthar means "purification.
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mlinssen
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Galilean/Galilee / Judea / Nazareth/Nazarene / Capernaum in all of the NT

Post by mlinssen »

One way to look for progression in development of ideas (in order to establishment priority / order) is to follow the evolution of certain concepts

Here is a complete list from Berean Literal (with footnote references left intact), of every verse with the word: Judea, Galilean, Galilee, Nazareth, Nazarene, Capernaum

BOOK OF Matthew
Chapter 1 The Genealogy of Jesus
Chapter 2 The Pilgrimage of the Magi
1 Now Jesus having been born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, Magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem,
5 And they said to him, “In Bethlehem of Judea, for thus has it been written through the prophet:
22 And having heard that Archelaus reigns over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. And having been divinely warned in a dream, he withdrew into the district of Galilee.
23 And having come, he dwelt in a city being called Nazareth, so that it should be fulfilled that having been spoken through the prophets, that “He will be called a Nazarene.”
Chapter 3 The Mission of John the Baptist
1 Now in those days John the Baptist comes, preaching in the wilderness of Judea,
5 At that time were going out to him Jerusalem, and all Judea, and all the region around the Jordan,
13 Then Jesus comes from Galilee to the Jordan, unto John, to be baptized by him.
Chapter 4 The Temptation of Jesus
12 And having heard that John had been arrested, He withdrew into Galilee.
13 And having left Nazareth, having come, he dwelt at Capernaum, on the sea-side in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali,
15 “Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali, way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles—
18 Now walking beside the Sea of Galilee, He saw two brothers, Simon called Peter, and his brother Andrew, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen.
23 And He was going throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every disease and every sickness among the people.
25 And there followed Him great crowds from Galilee, and the Decapolis,f and Jerusalem, and Judea, and beyond the Jordan.
Chapter 5 The Sermon on the Mount
Chapter 6 Giving to the Needy
Chapter 7 Do Not Judge
Chapter 8 The Leper's Prayer
5 And He having entered into Capernaum, a centurion came to Him, imploring Him,
Chapter 9 Jesus Heals a Paralytic
Chapter 10 The Twelve Apostles
Chapter 11 John's Inquiry
23 And you, Capernaum, will not be exalted to heaven, but will be brought down to Hades! For if the miracles having taken place in you had taken place in Sodom, it would have remained until this day.
Chapter 12 The Lord of the Sabbath
Chapter 13 The Parable of the Sower
Chapter 14 The Beheading of John
Chapter 15 Tradition and Worship
29 And having departed from there, Jesus went along the Sea of Galilee, and having gone up on the mountain, He was sitting there.
Chapter 16 The Demand for a Sign
Chapter 17 The Transfiguration
22 And while they were abiding in Galilee, Jesus said to them, “The Son of Man is about to be betrayed into the hands of men,
24 And they having come to Capernaum, those collecting the didrachmas came to Peter and said, “Does your Teacher pay the didrachmas?”
Chapter 18 The Greatest in the Kingdom
Chapter 19 Teachings about Divorce
1 And it came to pass, when Jesus had finished these words, He withdrew from Galilee and came to the region of Judea, beyond the Jordan.
Chapter 20 The Parable of the Workers
Chapter 21 The Triumphal Entry
11 And the crowds were saying, “This is the prophet, Jesus, the One from Nazareth of Galilee.”
Chapter 22 The Parable of the Banquet
Chapter 23 Woes to Scribes and Pharisees
Chapter 24 Temple Destruction Foretold
16 then those in Judea, let them flee to the mountains;
Chapter 25 The Parable of the Ten Virgins
Chapter 26 The Plot to Kill Jesus
32 But I, after being raised, will go before you into Galilee.”
69 And Peter was sitting outside in the court, and one servant girl came to him, saying, “You also were with Jesus the Galilean.”
71 And having gone out to the porch, another saw him, and says to those there, “This man was with Jesus of Nazareth.”
Chapter 27 Jesus Delivered to Pilate
55 And many women were there, looking on from afar off, who had followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering to Him—
Chapter 28 The Resurrection
7 And having gone quickly, say to His disciples that He is risen from the dead and behold, He goes before you into Galilee; you will see Him there. Behold, I have told you.”
10 Then Jesus says to them, “Do not fear. Go, tell My brothers, so that they should go into Galilee, and there will they see Me.”
16 And the eleven disciples went into Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus assigned them.

BOOK OF Mark
Chapter 1 The Mission of John the Baptist
5 And all the region of Judea and all of Jerusalem were going out to him and were being baptized by him in the Jordan river, confessing their sins.
9 And it came to pass in those days that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptized in the Jordan by John.
14 And after the delivering up of John, Jesus came into Galilee, proclaiming the gospel of God
16 And passing by the Sea of Galilee, He saw Simon and Andrew, the brother of Simon, casting a net into the sea; for they were fishermen.
21 And they go into Capernaum; and immediately on the Sabbaths, having entered into the synagogue, He was teaching.
24 saying, “What to us and to You, Jesus of Nazareth? Did You come to destroy us? I know who You are, the Holy One of God!”
28 And news of Him immediately went out everywhere into all the surrounding region of Galilee.
39 And He was going in all Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and casting out demons.
Chapter 2 Jesus Heals a Paralytic
1 And He having entered again into Capernaum after some days, it was heard that He is in the house.
Chapter 3 Jesus Heals on the Sabbath
7 And Jesus withdrew with His disciples to the sea, and a great multitude from Galilee followed, and from Judea,
Chapter 4 The Parable of the Sower
Chapter 5 The Demons and the Pigs
Chapter 6 The Rejection at Nazareth
21 And an opportune day having come, when Herod on his birthday made a banquet to his great men, and to the chief captains, and to the leading men of Galilee,
Chapter 7 Tradition and Worship
31 And again having departed from the region of Tyre, He came through Sidon, to the Sea of Galilee, through the midst of the region of the Decapolis.j
Chapter 8 The Feeding of the Four Thousand
Chapter 9 The Transfiguration
30 Having gone forth from there, they were passing through Galilee; and He did not want that anyone should know,
33 And they came to Capernaum. And having been in the house, He was asking them, “What were you discussing on the way?”
Chapter 10 Teachings about Divorce
1 And from there having risen up, He comes into the region of Judea, and beyond the Jordan. And again crowds come together to Him, and again, as He had been accustomed, He was teaching them.
47 And having heard that it is Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out and to say, “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me.”
Chapter 11 The Triumphal Entry
Chapter 12 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants
Chapter 13 Temple Destruction Foretold
14 And when you see the abomination of the desolation,a standing where it should notb (the one reading, let him understand), then those in Judea, let them flee to the mountains;
Chapter 14 The Plot to Kill Jesus
28 But after having arisen, I will go before you into Galilee.”
67 and having seen Peter warming himself, having looked at him, she says, “You also were with the Nazarene, Jesus.”
70 But he denied it again. And after a little, again those standing by were saying to Peter, “Truly you are of them, for you also are a Galilean.”h
Chapter 15 Jesus Delivered to Pilate
41 who had been following Him and had been ministering to Him when He was in Galilee, and many other ones having come up with Him to Jerusalem.
Chapter 16 The Resurrection
6 And he says to them, “Do not be amazed. You seek Jesus, the Nazarene, the One having been crucified. He is risen! He is not here! Behold the place where they laid Him.
7 But go, say to His disciples and to Peter that He goes before you into Galilee; there you will see Him, as He said to you.”

BOOK OF Luke
Chapter 1 Dedication to Theophilus
5 There was in the days of Herod king of Judea a certain priest named Zacharias, of the division of Abijah, and his wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name Elizabeth.
26 And in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a city of Galilee whose name was Nazareth,
65 And fear came upon all those dwelling around them. And in all the hill country of Judea all these words were being talked about.
Chapter 2 The Birth of Jesus
4 And Joseph also went up from Galilee out of the town of Nazareth, to Judea, to the City of David, which is called Bethlehem, because of his being of the house and family of David,
39 And when they had performed everything according to the Law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their town, Nazareth.
51 And He went down with them and came to Nazareth, and He was subject to them. And His mother was treasuring up all these matters in her heart.
Chapter 3 The Mission of John the Baptist
1 And in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip being tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and of Trachonitis, and Lysanias being tetrarch of Abilene,
Chapter 4 The Temptation of Jesus
14 And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit to Galilee, and a report concerning Him went out into all the surrounding region.
16 And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and according to His custom, He entered into the synagogue on the day of the Sabbaths, and stood up to read.
23 And He said to them, “Surely you will say to Me this proverb, ‘Physician heal yourself! Whatsoever we have heard has been done in Capernaum, do here in Your hometown also.’”
31 And He went down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. And He was teaching them on the Sabbaths;
34 “Ha! What to us and to You, Jesus of Nazareth? Are You come to destroy us? I know who You are, the Holy One of God!”
44 And He was preaching in the synagogues of Judea.
Chapter 5 The First Disciples
17 And it came to pass on one of the days that He was teaching, and Pharisees and teachers of the law were there sitting by, who were come out of every village of Galilee, and of Judea, and of Jerusalem. And the power of the Lord was there for Him to heal.
Chapter 6 The Lord of the Sabbath
17 And having descended with them, He stood on a level place, and a large crowd of His disciples, and a great multitude of the people from all Judea, and Jerusalem, and the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon,
Chapter 7 The Faith of the Centurion
1 And when He had completed all His words in the hearing of the people, He entered into Capernaum.
17 And this report concerning Him went out in all Judea and all the surrounding region.
Chapter 8 Women Minister to Jesus
26 And they sailed down to the region of the Gerasenes,c which is opposite Galilee.
Chapter 9 The Ministry of the Twelve
Chapter 10 Jesus Sends Out the Disciples
15 And you, Capernaum, will you be lifted up to heaven? No, you will be brought down to Hades.
Chapter 11 The Lord's Prayer
Chapter 12 The Leaven of the Pharisees
Chapter 13 A Call to Repentance
1 Now at the same time some were present, telling Him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices.
2 And answering, He said to them, “Do you think that these Galileans were sinners beyond all the Galileans, because they have suffered such things?
Chapter 14 Jesus Heals a Man with Dropsy
Chapter 15 The Parable of the Lost Sheep
Chapter 16 The Parable of the Shrewd Manager
Chapter 17 Temptations and Trespasses
11 And it came to pass in going up to Jerusalem, that He was passing through the midst of Samaria and Galilee.
Chapter 18 The Persistent Widow
37 And they told him, “Jesus of Nazareth is passing by.”
Chapter 19 Jesus and Zacchaeus
Chapter 20 Jesus' Authority Challenged
Chapter 21 The Poor Widow's Offering
21 Then those in Judea, let them flee to the mountains; and those in her midst, let them depart out; and those in the countries, let them not enter into her.
Chapter 22 The Plot to Kill Jesus
59 And about one hour having elapsed, a certain other strongly affirmed it, saying, “Of a truth, this one also was with Him; for he is also a Galilean.”
Chapter 23 Jesus Before Pilate
5 But they kept insisting, saying, “He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all of Judea, and He has begun from Galilee even to here.” Jesus Before Herod
6 And Pilate having heard, asked whether the man is a Galilean,
49 And all from those who knew Him, and women, those having followed Him from Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things.
55 And the women who were come with Him out of Galilee, having followed, saw the tomb and how His body was laid.
Chapter 24 The Resurrection
6 He is not here, but He is risen! Remember how He spoke to you, being yet in Galilee,
19 And He said to them, “What things?” And they said to Him, “The things concerning Jesus of Nazareth, a man who was a prophet, mighty in deed and word before God and all the people,

BOOK OF John
Chapter 1 The Beginning
43 On the next day He desired to go forth into Galilee. And He finds Philip. And Jesus says to him, “Follow Me.”
45 Philip Finds Nathanael and says to him, “We have found Him whom Moses wrote of in the Law, also the prophets, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.”
46 And Nathanael said to him, “Is any good thing able to be out of Nazareth?” Philip says to him, “Come and see.”
Chapter 2 The Wedding at Cana
1 And on the third day a wedding took place in Cana of Galilee, and the mother of Jesus was there,
11 This was the beginning of the signs Jesus did in Cana of Galilee, and He revealed His glory. And His disciples believed in Him.
12 After this, He went down to Capernaum, He and His mother, and His brothers, and His disciples, and they stayed there not many days.
Chapter 3 Jesus and Nicodemus
22 After these things, Jesus and His disciples came into the land of Judea, and there He was staying with them, and was baptizing.
Chapter 4 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman
3 He left Judea and went away again into Galilee.
43 And after the two days, He went forth from there into Galilee.
45 Therefore when He came into Galilee, the Galileans received Him, having seen the greatness of all the things He had done in Jerusalem during the feast, for they themselves also had gone to the feast.
46 Therefore He came again to Cana of Galilee, where He had made the water wine. And there was in Capernaum a certain royal official whose son was sick.
47 Having heard that Jesus had come out of Judea into Galilee, he went to Him and was asking that He would come down and heal his son; for he was about to die.
54 This is now again the second sign that Jesus did, having come out of Judea into Galilee.
Chapter 5 The Pool of Bethesda
Chapter 6 The Feeding of the Five Thousand
1 After these things Jesus went away, over the Sea of Galilee (of Tiberias),
17 and having entered into a boat, they were going over the sea to Capernaum. And already it had become dark, and Jesus had not come to them.
24 therefore when the crowd saw that Jesus is not there, nor His disciples, they themselves entered into the boats and came to Capernaum, seeking Jesus.
59 He said these things teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum.
Chapter 7 Jesus Teaches at the Feast
1 And after these things, Jesus was walking in Galilee; for He did not desire to walk in Judea, because the Jews were seeking to kill Him.
3 Therefore His brothers said to Him, “Depart from here and go into Judea, so that Your disciples will also see Your works that You are doing.
9 Now having said these things to them, He remained in Galilee.
41 Others were saying, “This is the Christ.” But others were saying, “Surely the Christ does not come out of Galilee?
52 They answered and said to him, “Are you not also from Galilee? Search and see that a prophet is not raised out of Galilee.”b
Chapter 8 The Woman Caught in Adultery
Chapter 9 Jesus Heals the Man Born Blind
Chapter 10 Jesus the Good Shepherd
Chapter 11 The Death of Lazarus
7 Then after this, He says to the disciples, “Let us go into Judea again.”
Chapter 12 Mary Anoints Jesus
21 Therefore these came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and they were asking him, saying, “Sir, we desire to see Jesus.”
Chapter 13 Jesus Washes His Disciples' Feet
Chapter 14 Jesus Comforts the Disciples
Chapter 15 Jesus the True Vine
Chapter 16 Persecution Foretold
Chapter 17 Prayer for the Son
Chapter 18 The Betrayal of Jesus
5 They answered Him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” He says to them, “I am He.” Now Judas, who is delivering Him up, also had been standing with them.
7 Therefore He questioned them again, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.”
Chapter 19 The Soldiers Mock Jesus
19 And Pilate also wrote a title and put it on the cross. And it was written, JESUS OF Nazareth, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
Chapter 20 The Resurrection
Chapter 21 Jesus Appears at the Sea of Galilee
2 Simon Peter, and Thomas called Didymus, and Nathanael from Cana of Galilee, and the sons of Zebedee, and two others of His disciples were together.

BOOK OF Acts
Chapter 1 Prologue
8 But you will receive power, the Holy Spirit having come upon you, and you will be witnesses for Me, both in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost part of the earth.”
11 who also said, “Men, Galileans, why do you stand looking into heaven? This Jesus, having been taken up from you into heaven, will thus come in that manner you beheld Him going into heaven.”
Chapter 2 The Holy Spirit at Pentecost
7 And they were amazed and were marveling, saying, “Behold, are not all these who are speaking Galileans?
9 Parthians and Medes and Elamites; and those inhabiting Mesopotamia, also Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia,a
14 But Peter, having stood up with the eleven, lifted up his voice and spoke forth to them: “Men of Judea and all those inhabiting Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and give heed to my words.
22 Men of Israel, hear these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a man having been set forth by God to you by miracles and wonders and signs, which God did by Him in your the midst, as you yourselves know,
Chapter 3 A Lame Man Walks
6 But Peter said, “Silver and gold, to me there is none; but what I have, this I give to you: In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, rise up and walk!”a
Chapter 4 Peter and John Before the Council
10 let it be known to all of you, and to all the people of Israel, that in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth—whom you crucified, whom God raised out from the dead—in Him this man stands before you sound.
Chapter 5 Ananias and Sapphira
37 After this man, Judas the Galilean rose up in the days of the registration and drew away people after him. And he perished, and all, as many as were persuaded by him, were scattered.
Chapter 6 The Choosing of the Seven
14 For we have heard him saying that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and will change the customs that Moses delivered to us.”
Chapter 7 Stephen's Address to the Sanhedrin
Chapter 8 Saul Persecutes the Church
1 And Saul was there consenting to his killing. And on that day a great persecution arose against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria.
Chapter 9 The Road to Damascus
31 Then indeed the churches throughout all of Judea and Galilee and Samaria had peace, being edified. And going on in the fear of the Lord and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit, they were multiplied.
Chapter 10 Cornelius Sends for Peter
37 You yourselves know the declaration having come through all Judea, having begun from Galilee, after the baptism that John proclaimed:
38 Jesus from Nazareth, how God anointed Him with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all those being oppressed by the devil, because God was with Him.
Chapter 11 Peter's Report at Jerusalem
1 Now the apostles and the brothers being in Judea heard that the Gentiles also had received the word of God.
29 And the disciples, as anyone was prospered, each of them determined to send for ministry to the brothers dwelling in Judea,
Chapter 12 James Killed, Peter Imprisoned
19 And Herod having sought after him and not having found him, having examined the guards, commanded them to be led away to death. And having gone down from Judea to Caesarea, he stayed there.
Chapter 13 Paul's First Missionary Journey
31 who appeared for many days to those having come up with Him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who are now His witnesses to the people.
Chapter 14 Paul and Barnabas at Iconium
Chapter 15 The Dispute over Circumcision
1 But certain ones having come down from Judea were teaching the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you are not able to be saved.”
Chapter 16 Timothy Joins Paul and Silas
Chapter 17 Paul Preaches at Thessalonica
Chapter 18 Paul's Ministry in Corinth
Chapter 19 The Holy Spirit Received at Ephesus
Chapter 20 Paul in Macedonia and Greece
Chapter 21 Paul's Journey to Jerusalem
10 And remaining many days, a certain prophet named Agabus came down from Judea.
Chapter 22 Paul's Defense to the Crowd
8 And I answered, ‘Who are You, Lord?’ And He said to me, ‘I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom you are persecuting.’
Chapter 23 Paul Before the Sanhedrin
Chapter 24 Tertullus Prosecutes Paul
5 For we are having found this man a pest, and stirring insurrection among all the Jews in the world, and a leader of the sect of the Nazarenes
Chapter 25 Paul's Trial Before Festus
Chapter 26 Paul's Testimony to Agrippa
9 Therefore I indeed in myself thought I ought to do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth,
20 but both first to those in Damascus and Jerusalem, and all the region of Judea, and to the Gentiles, I kept declaring to repent and to turn to God, doing works worthy of repentance.
Chapter 27 Paul Sails for Rome
Chapter 28 Ashore on Malta
21 Then they said to him, “We received neither letters concerning you from Judea, nor any of the brothers having arrived reported or said anything evil concerning you.

BOOK OF Romans
Chapter 1 Greeting the Saints in Rome
Chapter 2 God's Righteous Judgment
Chapter 3 God Remains Faithful
Chapter 4 Abraham Justified by Faith
Chapter 5 The Triumph of Faith
Chapter 6 Dead to Sin, Alive to God
Chapter 7 Release from the Law
Chapter 8 Living in the Spirit
Chapter 9 Paul's Concern for the Jews
Chapter 10 The Word Brings Salvation
Chapter 11 The Remnant of Israel
Chapter 12 Living Sacrifices
Chapter 13 Submission to Authorities
Chapter 14 The Law of Liberty
Chapter 15 Accept One Another
31 so that I may be delivered from those refusing to be persuaded in Judea, and that my service in Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints,
Chapter 16 Personal Greetings and Love

BOOK OF 1 Corinthians
Chapter 1 Greetings from Paul
Chapter 2 Paul's Message by the Spirit's Power
Chapter 3 God's Fellow Workers
Chapter 4 Servants of Christ
Chapter 5 Immorality Rebuked
Chapter 6 Lawsuits among Believers
Chapter 7 Principles of Marriage
Chapter 8 Food Sacrificed to Idols
Chapter 9 The Rights of an Apostle
Chapter 10 Warnings from Israel's Past
Chapter 11 Roles in Worship
Chapter 12 Spiritual Gifts
Chapter 13 Love
Chapter 14 Prophecy and Tongues
Chapter 15 The Resurrection of Christ
Chapter 16 The Collection for the Saints

BOOK OF 2 Corinthians
Chapter 1 Paul Greets the Corinthians
16 and through you to pass through into Macedonia, and to come to you again from Macedonia, and to be set forward by you to Judea.
Chapter 2 Reaffirm Your Love
Chapter 3 Ministers of a New Covenant
Chapter 4 The Light of the Gospel
Chapter 5 Our Eternal Dwelling
Chapter 6 Paul's Hardships and God's Grace
Chapter 7 Paul's Joy in the Corinthians
Chapter 8 Generosity Commended
Chapter 9 God Loves a Cheerful Giver
Chapter 10 Paul's Apostolic Authority
Chapter 11 Paul and the False Apostles
Chapter 12 Paul's Revelation
Chapter 13 Examine Yourselves

BOOK OF Galatians
Chapter 1 Paul's Greeting to the Galatians
22 And I was by face unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ.
Chapter 2 The Council at Jerusalem
Chapter 3 Faith and Belief
Chapter 4 Sons and Heirs
Chapter 5 Freedom in Christ
Chapter 6 Carry One Another's Burdens

BOOK OF Ephesians
Chapter 1 Paul's Greeting to the Ephesians
Chapter 2 Alive with Christ
Chapter 3 The Mystery of the Gospel
Chapter 4 Unity in the Body
Chapter 5 Imitators of God
Chapter 6 Children and Parents

BOOK OF Philippians
Chapter 1 Greetings from Paul and Timothy
Chapter 2 One in Christ
Chapter 3 Righteousness through Faith
Chapter 4 Stand Firm in the Lord

BOOK OF Colossians
Chapter 1 Greetings from Paul and Timothy
Chapter 2 Absent in Body, Present in Spirit
Chapter 3 Putting on the New Self
Chapter 4 Fellow Workers

BOOK OF 1 Thessalonians
Chapter 1 Greetings to the Thessalonians
Chapter 2 Paul's Ministry
14 For you became imitators, brothers, of the churches of God in Judea being in Christ Jesus. For the same as them, you also suffered from the own countrymen as they also did from the Jews,
Chapter 3 Timothy's Visit
Chapter 4 Living to Please God
Chapter 5 The Day of the Lord

BOOK OF 2 Thessalonians
Chapter 1 Greetings to the Thessalonians
Chapter 2 The Man of Lawlessness
Chapter 3 Request for Prayer

BOOK OF 1 Timothy
Chapter 1 Paul's Greeting to Timothy
Chapter 2 A Call to Prayer
Chapter 3 Qualifications for Overseers
Chapter 4 Warnings against False Teachers
Chapter 5 Guidelines for Reproof
Chapter 6 Instructions to Servants

BOOK OF 2 Timothy
Chapter 1 Paul's Greeting to Timothy
Chapter 2 Grace and Perseverance
Chapter 3 Evil in the Last Days
Chapter 4 Preach the Word

BOOK OF Titus
Chapter 1 Paul's Greeting to Titus
Chapter 2 Teaching Sound Doctrine
Chapter 3 Obedience to Authorities

BOOK OF Philemon
Chapter 1 Greetings from Paul and Timothy

BOOK OF Hebrews
Chapter 1 The Supremacy of the Son
Chapter 2 Salvation Confirmed
Chapter 3 Jesus Our Apostle and High Priest
Chapter 4 The Sabbath Rest
Chapter 5 The Perfect High Priest
Chapter 6 A Call to Maturity
Chapter 7 Melchizedek and Abraham
Chapter 8 Christ's Eternal Priesthood
Chapter 9 The Earthly Tabernacle
Chapter 10 Christ's Perfect Sacrifice
Chapter 11 Faith and Assurance
Chapter 12 The Call to Endurance
Chapter 13 Love for Brothers

BOOK OF James
Chapter 1 Greetings from James
Chapter 2 A Warning against Favoritism
Chapter 3 Taming the Tongue
Chapter 4 Warning against Pride
Chapter 5 Warning to the Rich

BOOK OF 1 Peter
Chapter 1 Greetings from Peter
Chapter 2 The Lord is Good
Chapter 3 Wives and Husbands
Chapter 4 Living for God's Glory
Chapter 5 Instructions to Elders

BOOK OF 2 Peter
Chapter 1 Greetings from Peter
Chapter 2 Deliverance from False Prophets
Chapter 3 The Coming Judgment

BOOK OF 1 John
Chapter 1 The Word of Life
Chapter 2 Jesus Our Advocate
Chapter 3 Children of God
Chapter 4 Testing the Spirits
Chapter 5 Overcoming the World

BOOK OF 2 John
Chapter 1 Greeting from the Elder

BOOK OF 3 John
Chapter 1 Greeting to Gaius from the Elder

BOOK OF Jude
Chapter 1 Greetings from Jude

BOOK OF Revelation
Chapter 1 Prologue
Chapter 2 To the Church in Ephesus
Chapter 3 To the Church in Sardis
Chapter 4 The Throne in Heaven
Chapter 5 The Scroll with Seven Seals
Chapter 6 The First Seal: The White Horse
Chapter 7
Chapter 8 The Seventh Seal
Chapter 9 The Fifth Trumpet
Chapter 10 The Angel and the Small Scroll
Chapter 11 The Two Witnesses
Chapter 12 The Woman and the Dragon
Chapter 13 The Beast from the Sea
Chapter 14 The Lamb and the 144,000
Chapter 15 The Song of Moses and the Lamb
Chapter 16 The First Six Bowls of Wrath
Chapter 17 The Woman on the Beast
Chapter 18 Babylon is Fallen
Chapter 19 Rejoicing in Heaven
Chapter 20 Satan Bound
Chapter 21 A New Heaven and a New Earth
Chapter 22 The River of Life
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spin
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Some incontrovertible facts about Nazareth

Post by spin »

1. Paul doesn't evince any knowledge of Nazareth. Q doesn't evince any knowledge of Nazareth. And the synoptics share no common reference to Nazareth. These simple pointers show that Nazareth was not in the earliest Jesus traditions. (Whereas Capernaum is found in Q and in the Marcan descendents' parallels with their source.) Jesus of Nazareth wasn't a thing early on.

2. Every single exemplar of Nazareth, Nazara, Nazarene & Nazorean in the text of Nestle-Aland features a zeta and not a sigma. Yet the TSADE is almost exclusively transliterated into Greek as a sigma. (FC Burkitt showed the repertoire of TSADE to zeta was so tiny across so many texts, that he found the data inexplicable. It's amusing that scholars indirectly cite from Burkitt's repertoire—probably through Schaeder's Nazareth article in Kittel—to show that the irregular transliteration is feasible, apparently unaware of Burkitt's conclusion.) With so many different forms permitting so many opportunities to transliterate a Semitic source with the sigma they are never capitalized on, so we must conclude that all conjectures about NUN-TSADE-RESH etymologies are futile, despite their popularity. These terms didn't come from such a source, notwithstanding the existence of a town called NUN-TSADE-RESH-TAU (נצרת). We must conclude that the zeta reflects the source of the tradition.

Strong, rather than incontrovertible: Luke doesn't feature Nazareth outside the birth narrative—considered by many scholars to be a later addition to Lk—, though Nazara is found in 4:16. Mt only has one reference to Nazareth (21:11), not in the "Matthean material", but in a reworked verse from Mk (suggesting a later interpolation, though later redaction will suffice here). Mt 4:13 has Nazara, as does the earliest exemplar of Mt 2:23 (P.70VID). Scholars speculate that Nazara was derived from the Aramaic form of the town name though there is no scrap of direct evidence to support the assertion and of course there's the zeta. From the evidence we are left with the fact that Nazara circulated in Jesus associations (θιασοι/εκκλησιαι) and entered the tradition before Nazareth.

From #1 above I agree with the o.p. Nazareth in Mk 1:9, not supported by its close Mt parallel 3:13 is a strong candidate for a later addition, ie once Nazareth had entered the Jesus tradition.
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mlinssen
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Re: Some incontrovertible facts about Nazareth

Post by mlinssen »

spin wrote: Mon Jan 31, 2022 5:45 am 1. Paul doesn't evince any knowledge of Nazareth. Q doesn't evince any knowledge of Nazareth. And the synoptics share no common reference to Nazareth. These simple pointers show that Nazareth was not in the earliest Jesus traditions. (Whereas Capernaum is found in Q and in the Marcan descendents' parallels with their source.) Jesus of Nazareth wasn't a thing early on.

2. Every single exemplar of Nazareth, Nazara, Nazarene & Nazorean in the text of Nestle-Aland features a zeta and not a sigma. Yet the TSADE is almost exclusively transliterated into Greek as a sigma. (FC Burkitt showed the repertoire of TSADE to zeta was so tiny across so many texts, that he found the data inexplicable. It's amusing that scholars indirectly cite from Burkitt's repertoire—probably through Schaeder's Nazareth article in Kittel—to show that the irregular transliteration is feasible, apparently unaware of Burkitt's conclusion.) With so many different forms permitting so many opportunities to transliterate a Semitic source with the sigma they are never capitalized on, so we must conclude that all conjectures about NUN-TSADE-RESH etymologies are futile, despite their popularity. These terms didn't come from such a source, notwithstanding the existence of a town called NUN-TSADE-RESH-TAU (נצרת). We must conclude that the zeta reflects the source of the tradition.

Strong, rather than incontrovertible: Luke doesn't feature Nazareth outside the birth narrative—considered by many scholars to be a later addition to Lk—, though Nazara is found in 4:16. Mt only has one reference to Nazareth (21:11), not in the "Matthean material", but in a reworked verse from Mk (suggesting a later interpolation, though later redaction will suffice here). Mt 4:13 has Nazara, as does the earliest exemplar of Mt 2:23 (P.70VID). Scholars speculate that Nazara was derived from the Aramaic form of the town name though there is no scrap of direct evidence to support the assertion and of course there's the zeta. From the evidence we are left with the fact that Nazara circulated in Jesus associations (θιασοι/εκκλησιαι) and entered the tradition before Nazareth.

From #1 above I agree with the o.p. Nazareth in Mk 1:9, not supported by its close Mt parallel 3:13 is a strong candidate for a later addition, ie once Nazareth had entered the Jesus tradition.
I frown at everyone who even mentions Q, let alone bases anything on it as it simply doesn't exist, but for the rest I agree completely

The last sentence really says it all, and that's what there's to it - even though "Jesus associations (θιασοι/εκκλησιαι)" is really pushing it - there was a story and it got added to, and presuming religious guilds or congregations / churches is feeding circular reasoning
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Re: Some incontrovertible facts about Nazareth

Post by spin »

mlinssen wrote: Mon Jan 31, 2022 12:19 pmI frown at everyone who even mentions Q, let alone bases anything on it as it simply doesn't exist, but for the rest I agree completely
You keep frowning. But do try to understand the chronological significance that was indicated. The shared material between Mt & Lk indicates a commonality between those works. Either Q existed & came before both or one copied from the other, but there is a relationship between the two and it involves a priority in time. There is no prior for Nazareth within the gospels. Of the chronological indicators Nazareth comes in latest.
mlinssen wrote: Mon Jan 31, 2022 12:19 pmThe last sentence really says it all, and that's what there's to it - even though "Jesus associations (θιασοι/εκκλησιαι)" is really pushing it - there was a story and it got added to, and presuming religious guilds or congregations / churches is feeding circular reasoning
I avoid the word "church" regarding Paul's writings because it assumes all those Christian notions we tend to retroject.

Paul's groups fit the category of a major type of association of the era. They brought together people voluntarily from different classes of society for the purpose of common belief; they shared resources, as well as a ritual meal. Not to think of them as associations is to ignore the cultural phenomena of the era and leave the groups somehow unique and without precedent. Josephus, AJ 14:215-216, tells us that diaspora Jewish associations alone were permitted by law (circa 44 BCE). He even uses the term θιασους along with mention of the collection of moneys and common meals. This is the cultural context that Paul inherited, deny that as you may. Philo's evidence would also be quite useful here as he talks of εκκλησιαι in terms that evoke the notion of the θιασος, but after the effort to refind the citation for Josephus's θιασοι, I don't have the energy.
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Re: Some incontrovertible facts about Nazareth

Post by mlinssen »

spin wrote: Mon Jan 31, 2022 4:30 pm Philo's evidence would also be quite useful here as he talks of εκκλησιαι in terms that evoke the notion of the θιασος, but after the effort to refind the citation for Josephus's θιασοι, I don't have the energy.
Philo - {**Yonge's title, A Treatise on the Principle that the Worse is Accustomed to be Always Plotting Against the Better.}

(63) And it has not fallen to the lot of all the suppliants to become guardians of the holy things, but to those only who have arrived at the number fifty, which proclaims remission of offences and perfect liberty and a return to their ancient possessions. "For this," says the Scripture, "is the law concerning the Levites: from twenty-five years old and upwards, they shall go in to wait upon the service of the tabernacle of the congregation: and from the age of fifty years they shall cease waiting upon the service thereof, and shall serve no more; but shall minister with their brethren in the tabernacle of the congregation, and they shall keep what is to be kept, and shall do no Service."{24}{#nu 8:24.}

If you can give me the English words for these two Greek ones, it'll only take me a minute. I have 45 books of Philo, should give a fairly complete result
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Re: Some incontrovertible facts about Nazareth

Post by spin »

mlinssen wrote: Tue Feb 01, 2022 3:48 am
spin wrote: Mon Jan 31, 2022 4:30 pm Philo's evidence would also be quite useful here as he talks of εκκλησιαι in terms that evoke the notion of the θιασος, but after the effort to refind the citation for Josephus's θιασοι, I don't have the energy.
Philo - {**Yonge's title, A Treatise on the Principle that the Worse is Accustomed to be Always Plotting Against the Better.}

(63) And it has not fallen to the lot of all the suppliants to become guardians of the holy things, but to those only who have arrived at the number fifty, which proclaims remission of offences and perfect liberty and a return to their ancient possessions. "For this," says the Scripture, "is the law concerning the Levites: from twenty-five years old and upwards, they shall go in to wait upon the service of the tabernacle of the congregation: and from the age of fifty years they shall cease waiting upon the service thereof, and shall serve no more; but shall minister with their brethren in the tabernacle of the congregation, and they shall keep what is to be kept, and shall do no Service."{24}{#nu 8:24.}

If you can give me the English words for these two Greek ones, it'll only take me a minute. I have 45 books of Philo, should give a fairly complete result
I just got tired after having what I thought was necessary to find the thiasos reference in Josephus and I kept coming up with nothing. If I recall the only reference to thiasos in Philo is rather scathing, but then he talks about ekkhsiai, synagwgoi and other terms which all can be perceived similarly as organised cultural gatherings.
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Re: Back to the Nazareth Issue

Post by schillingklaus »

Would someone only reading the Septuagint be able to distinguish between the different Hebrew sibilants?
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Re: Back to the Nazareth Issue

Post by spin »

schillingklaus wrote: Wed Feb 02, 2022 12:30 am Would someone only reading the Septuagint be able to distinguish between the different Hebrew sibilants?
The only people who needed to distinguish Hebrew sibilants were the translators and they did it a hellovalot, rendering them quite consistently, so that readers didn't have to.

An interesting "exception" was the non-Hebrew town name in Hebrew TSADE-AYIN-RESH (צער). Some seemed to have transliterated it based on the Hebrew letters as Soara, similarly southern Palestinian pronunciation gave Segora (/g/ substituting the AYIN), but others with external knowledge used Zoara or just Zoar. This is the only example in the LXX of a word with TSADE with plural exemplars, a non-Hebrew name with mixed transliterations.
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Re: Back to the Nazareth Issue

Post by Chrissy Hansen »

Anyone know of any scholars arguing that Mark 1.9 was also an interpolation? I know of Rene Salm, Frank Zindler, and Robert Price so far.
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