Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

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Giuseppe
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Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

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Au course de son apologie Paul nous renseigne sur sa vie. Les renseignements qu'il fournit ajoutent à ceux qui nous viennent des Actes des précisions dont deux seulement peuvent être contrôlées. Disons tout de suite que le contrôle n'est pas favorable. Paul nous dit qu'il s'enfuit de Damas pour échapper à l'ethnarque du roi Arétas. Or Damas semble avoir été pendant tout le premier siècle de l'ère chrétienne sous la puissance romaine. En tout cas, à supposer que le roi arabe Arétas IV en ait été le maître, cela n'a pu arriver qu'après la mort de Tibère, c'est-à-dire au plus tôt en l'an 37. Et comme le voyage de Paul à Damas — voyage mentionné dans les Actes — doit etre placé avant cette date, on ne voit pas comment l'apotre aurait été obligé de quitter Damas pour échapper à la police d'Arétas. Loisy, Les Actes des apôtres, p. 420 conjecture que ce roit avait, du consentement des Romains, un représentant à Damas chargé de maintenir l'ordre dans le quartier arabe de cette ville. Mais cette hypothèse imaginée uniquement pour sauver notre texte, est bien invraisemblable. Le système des polices multiples, là où il a fonctionné, a toujours favorisé les malfaiteurs qui, poursuivis dans un quartier, se réfugiaient dans l'autre. Il a été parfois imposé à des gouvernements faibles qui l'ont subi malgré eux. Mais les Romains, à qui Arétas n'était pas en mesure de faire la loi, n'ont pu s'ingénier eux-memes à rendre la police de Damas impraticable. D'ailleurs que gagne-t-on à supposer que la puissance romaine a laissé à Arétas le soin de faire surveiller le quartier arabe de Damas! Paul, qui faisait sa propagande auprès des Juifs d'origine ou d'éducation, n'avait pas l'occasion d'aller dans le quartier arabe. Et si, par hasard, il s'y était aventuré, il pouvait, à la première alerte, passer prestement dans le quartier romain sans etre réduit à descendre par une ouverture creusée dans la muraille de la ville. En somme, rien ne s’oppose à ce que le récit des Actes IX, 21 soit historique. Et la précision qu’ajoute I Cor., XI, 33 est un artifice qui simule des renseignements personnels pour nous en imposer.

(Joseph Turmel, LES ÉCRITS DE SAINT PAUL III, la seconde épître aux Corinthiens, p.46-47, my bold)

I note that, said by Turmel, the argument is even more strong, since Turmel had all the interest to consider genuine the mention of Aretas, since Turmel's historical Jesus was a seditionist (possibly: the same Judas the Galilean) and his follower Paul was a crypto-seditionist too, hence the mention of a Paul persecuted by Aretas' ethnarch for political (anti-Roman) reasons would have served the case for a seditious Jesus. De facto, Greg Doudna, who argues for the historical Jesus being the rebel Jesus b. Sapphat, would like to consider genuine the mention to Aretas (V) .
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maryhelena
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Re: Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

Post by maryhelena »

Giuseppe wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 12:09 am
Au course de son apologie Paul nous renseigne sur sa vie. Les renseignements qu'il fournit ajoutent à ceux qui nous viennent des Actes des précisions dont deux seulement peuvent être contrôlées. Disons tout de suite que le contrôle n'est pas favorable. Paul nous dit qu'il s'enfuit de Damas pour échapper à l'ethnarque du roi Arétas. Or Damas semble avoir été pendant tout le premier siècle de l'ère chrétienne sous la puissance romaine. En tout cas, à supposer que le roi arabe Arétas IV en ait été le maître, cela n'a pu arriver qu'après la mort de Tibère, c'est-à-dire au plus tôt en l'an 37. Et comme le voyage de Paul à Damas — voyage mentionné dans les Actes — doit etre placé avant cette date, on ne voit pas comment l'apotre aurait été obligé de quitter Damas pour échapper à la police d'Arétas. Loisy, Les Actes des apôtres, p. 420 conjecture que ce roit avait, du consentement des Romains, un représentant à Damas chargé de maintenir l'ordre dans le quartier arabe de cette ville. Mais cette hypothèse imaginée uniquement pour sauver notre texte, est bien invraisemblable. Le système des polices multiples, là où il a fonctionné, a toujours favorisé les malfaiteurs qui, poursuivis dans un quartier, se réfugiaient dans l'autre. Il a été parfois imposé à des gouvernements faibles qui l'ont subi malgré eux. Mais les Romains, à qui Arétas n'était pas en mesure de faire la loi, n'ont pu s'ingénier eux-memes à rendre la police de Damas impraticable. D'ailleurs que gagne-t-on à supposer que la puissance romaine a laissé à Arétas le soin de faire surveiller le quartier arabe de Damas! Paul, qui faisait sa propagande auprès des Juifs d'origine ou d'éducation, n'avait pas l'occasion d'aller dans le quartier arabe. Et si, par hasard, il s'y était aventuré, il pouvait, à la première alerte, passer prestement dans le quartier romain sans etre réduit à descendre par une ouverture creusée dans la muraille de la ville. En somme, rien ne s’oppose à ce que le récit des Actes IX, 21 soit historique. Et la précision qu’ajoute I Cor., XI, 33 est un artifice qui simule des renseignements personnels pour nous en imposer.

(Joseph Turmel, LES ÉCRITS DE SAINT PAUL III, la seconde épître aux Corinthiens, p.46-47, my bold)

I note that, said by Turmel, the argument is even more strong, since Turmel had all the interest to consider genuine the mention of Aretas, since Turmel's historical Jesus was a seditionist (possibly: the same Judas the Galilean) and his follower Paul was a crypto-seditionist too, hence the mention of a Paul persecuted by Aretas' ethnarch for political (anti-Roman) reasons would have served the case for a seditious Jesus. De facto, Greg Doudna, who argues for the historical Jesus being the rebel Jesus b. Sapphat, would like to consider genuine the mention to Aretas (V) .
An Interpolation - oh well - once again history is denied via an interpretation of the NT story.

:banghead:
Kunigunde Kreuzerin
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Re: Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

Post by Kunigunde Kreuzerin »

maryhelena wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 12:30 am
Giuseppe wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 12:09 am
En tout cas, à supposer que le roi arabe Arétas IV en ait été le maître, cela n'a pu arriver qu'après la mort de Tibère, c'est-à-dire au plus tôt en l'an 37. Et comme le voyage de Paul à Damas — voyage mentionné dans les Actes — doit etre placé avant cette date, on ne voit pas comment l'apotre aurait été obligé de quitter Damas pour échapper à la police d'Arétas.

An Interpolation - oh well - once again history is denied via an interpretation of the NT story.
:banghead:
Above all, the passage is refuted on the basis of Acts :lol:
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maryhelena
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Re: Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

Post by maryhelena »

Kunigunde Kreuzerin wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 1:38 am
maryhelena wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 12:30 am
Giuseppe wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 12:09 am
En tout cas, à supposer que le roi arabe Arétas IV en ait été le maître, cela n'a pu arriver qu'après la mort de Tibère, c'est-à-dire au plus tôt en l'an 37. Et comme le voyage de Paul à Damas — voyage mentionné dans les Actes — doit etre placé avant cette date, on ne voit pas comment l'apotre aurait été obligé de quitter Damas pour échapper à la police d'Arétas.

An Interpolation - oh well - once again history is denied via an interpretation of the NT story.
:banghead:
Above all, the passage is refuted on the basis of Acts :lol:

Richard Pervo: The Mystery of Acts.

Deriving history from Acts is an enterprise fraught with
difficulty. I firmly maintain that Luke the Historian has very little
to wear and have striven to demonstrate the point, but I shall not
close without acknowledging my admiration (and even envy) for the
splendid outfit worn by Luke the author. In that costume lurk
mysteries galore, and because of it the story of Christian origins is more
mysterious than ever.

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Giuseppe
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Re: Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

Post by Giuseppe »

Kunigunde Kreuzerin wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 1:38 am Above all, the passage is refuted on the basis of Acts :lol:
not entirely. Turmel points out that the ethnarch could only rule the part of Damascus populated by Arabs, raising so two anomalies:
  • Could Paul be interested to convert the Arabs of Damascus?
  • If he wanted to escape from the Arabs, then he could do so by merely going to the part of Damascus populated by not-Arabs (hence governed directly by Romans), not abandoning the entire city.
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maryhelena
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Re: Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

Post by maryhelena »

Giuseppe wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 2:47 am
Kunigunde Kreuzerin wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 1:38 am Above all, the passage is refuted on the basis of Acts :lol:
not entirely. Turmel points out that the ethnarch could only rule the part of Damascus populated by Arabs, raising so two anomalies:
  • Could Paul be interested to convert the Arabs of Damascus?
  • If he wanted to escape from the Arabs, then he could do so by merely going to the part of Damascus populated by not-Arabs (hence governed directly by Romans), not abandoning the entire city.

Re: Ethnarch of King Aretas? the legendary Damascus basket case
Post by spin » Mon Oct 28, 2013 8:15 pm

Bernard Muller wrote:
If you think 2 Cor 11:32 is not an interpolation, but the Aretas in question being Aretas III, then that would put Paul's apostolic episode way earlier (about by one century). Before I go further, I have to ask you: Is it what you think? If not clarify.

============
I don't really know what to think of the verse. History points directly to Aretas III. All the apologetic--including yours--is pure wish fulfillment of the kind, "now how can we make this work?" while looking at a square-wheeled tricycle. I find little hope of sense pursuing an unfalsifiable hypothesis based on Aretas IV gaining a foothold of any sort in Damascus. While Aretas III had the extension of power, the lack of force majeur, and the invitation to be in Damascus, Aretas IV was stuck down in Petra, blocked by the territories of Herod Antipas and Philip, on the outside of the Roman empire, supposedly looking in at Damascus. Conditions had changed drastically between the two Nabataean kings. You have no reason to be flogging the nonsense you are trying to defend. You're not wedded to it.

There is another example of this invention of another opportunity because the evidence points to a different time: Lk 3:1's Lysanias, ruler of Abilene, who died half a century before the time frame of Tiberius's year 15. What do they do in this case? Invent another Lysanias, by fiddling the evidence for the one they know about, just like they invent a second connection between an Aretas and Damascus.

here

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maryhelena
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Re: Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

Post by maryhelena »



spin

While waiting for anything substantive about ethnarchs outside the Jewish context, here is the conclusion to Nadav Sharon "The Title Ethnarch in Second Temple Period Judea", JSJ 41 (2010), 493:

My conclusion is that this title [ie, "ethnarch"] does not denote ordinary rule, but rather exemplifies a unique Roman view of Jewish existence as a territory-less people, a view which was to persist throughout the remainder of the Second Temple era, following the Roman conquest, and would eventually also help set the stage for post-Destruction Jewish existence. Thus, this title played a role in allowing, perhaps for the first time in their history, the Jews of the Diaspora and the Judeans of Palestine to be perceived as one entity, united for a short while, at least in some aspects of their existence, under a single leadership.

I don't think we can generalize from this about ethnarchs outside the Jewish context.

here
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Giuseppe
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Re: Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

Post by Giuseppe »

maryhelena wrote: Thu Jan 12, 2023 5:31 am History points directly to Aretas III.
Did the interpolator have in mind Aretas III? I don't know... Possibly because he was following a different chronology, Pilate having been not yet introduced in the holy fable.
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Giuseppe
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Re: Turmel's argument to consider Aretas as interpolated

Post by Giuseppe »

Surely the case for an interpolation has to be based on Acts. The problem is that I don't see a plausible reason about why an interpolator would have replaced the "Jews" with the "Aretas' ethnarch" as persecutor of Paul in Damascus. Unless the ethnarch was himself a Jew.

At any case, what is sure is that the interpolator had both Acts and Galatians 1 in mind, precisely the reference to Paul going to Arabia after his conversion. If Paul was already a Christian when he went to Arabia, as the logic of the interpolator goes, then he was already ipso facto a victim of anti-Christian persecution during his sojourn in Arabia: it follows that also when Paul went to Damascus, he did so because he was pursued continually by anti-Christian persecutors. The continuity of the action of persecution is confirmed virtually by having both Aretas as persecutor of Paul in Arabia, and the Aretas' ethnarch as persecutor of Paul in Damascus.

Imagine what would be the consequence if Paul was not persecuted when he went to Arabia and then to Damascus: that he snubbed Peter and the "brother of the Lord" by delaying by a few years his first visit to Jerusalem.

Hence Aretas is much probably Aretas IV, pace both spin and Doudna. Aretas continues to persecute Paul in Damascus by sending there his ethnarch in his own place. The interpolator had need of Aretas IV as precisely the king of Arabias who couldn't go personally in Damascus, but he could send there a his own man to do the dirty job (to kill Paul).
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