Charles Wilson wrote:Dio, Epitome 64:
[4] "Comrade, take and eat this; I give you, not a sword, but bread. Take and drink this; I hold out to you, not a shield, but a cup. Thus, whether you kill me or I you, we shall quit life more comfortably, and the hand that slays will not be feeble and nerveless, whether it be yours that smites me or mine that smites you. [5] For these are the meats of consecration that Vitellius and Vespasian give us while we are yet alive, in order that they may offer us as a sacrifice to the dead slain long since." That would be the style of their conversation, after which they would rest a while, eat a bit, and then renew the battle. Soon they would stop again, and then once more join in conflict.
[4] καὶ ἐγνώριζον᾽ ‘
λαβέ’ (take) ἔφη, ‘συστρατιῶτα, καὶ
φάγε (eat): οὐ γὰρ ξίφος ἀλλὰ
ἄρτον (bread) σοι δίδωμι.
λαβὲ (take) καὶ
πίε (drink): οὐ γὰρ ἀσπίδα ἀλλὰ
κύλικά (cup) σοι προτείνω, ἵνα, ἄν τε σὺ ἀποκτείνῃς ἐμὲ ἄν τε καὶ ἐγὼ σέ, ῥᾷον ἀπαλλάξωμεν, μηδὲ ἐκλελυμένῃ καὶ ἀσθενεῖ τῇ χειρὶ μήτε σὺ ἐμὲ κατακόψῃς μήτε [5] ἐγὼ σέ. ταῦτα γὰρ ἡμῖν ζῶσιν ἔτι τὰ ἐναγίσματα καὶ Οὐιτέλλιος καὶ Οὐεσπασιανὸς διδοῦσιν, ἵν᾽ ἡμᾶς τοῖς πάλαι νεκροῖς καταθύσωσι.’ τοιαῦτα ἄν 1 τινες πρὸς ἀλλήλους εἰπόντες, καὶ ἀναπαυσάμενοι χρόνον τινὰ καὶ
ἐμφαγόντες (eat), πάλιν ἂν ἐμαχέσαντο: εἶτ᾽ ἀνασχόντες αὖθις αὖ ”
For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, (1Co 11:23 ESV)
and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me." (1Co 11:24 ESV)
In the same way also he took the cup, after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me." (1Co 11:25 ESV)
For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes. (1Co 11:26 ESV)
1 Corinthians 11:23 Ἐγὼ γὰρ παρέλαβον ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου, ὃ καὶ παρέδωκα ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ᾗ παρεδίδετο ἔλαβεν
ἄρτον (bread) (1Co 11:23 BGT)
1 Corinthians 11:24 καὶ εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ εἶπεν· τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν· τοῦτο ποιεῖτε εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν. (1Co 11:24 BGT)
1 Corinthians 11:25 ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ
ποτήριον (cup) μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι λέγων· τοῦτο τὸ
ποτήριον (cup) ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ αἵματι· τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε, εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν. (1Co 11:25 BGT)
1 Corinthians 11:26 ὁσάκις γὰρ ἐὰν
ἐσθίητε (eat) τὸν
ἄρτον (bread) τοῦτον καὶ τὸ
ποτήριον (cup)
πίνητε (drink), τὸν θάνατον τοῦ κυρίου καταγγέλλετε ἄχρι οὗ ἔλθῃ. (1Co 11:26 BGT)
And as they were eating, he took bread, and after blessing it broke it and gave it to them, and said, "Take; this is my body." (Mar 14:22 ESV)
And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he gave it to them, and they all drank of it. (Mar 14:23 ESV)
And he said to them, "This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many. (Mar 14:24 ESV)
Truly, I say to you, I will not drink again of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God." (Mar 14:25 ESV)
Καὶ ἐσθιόντων αὐτῶν λαβὼν
ἄρτον (bread) εὐλογήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς καὶ εἶπεν·
λάβετε (take), τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου. (Mar 14:22 BGT)
καὶ λαβὼν
ποτήριον (cup) εὐχαριστήσας ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ
ἔπιον (drank) ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες. (Mar 14:23 BGT)
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ὑπὲρ πολλῶν. (Mar 14:24 BGT)
ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ πίω ἐκ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ὅταν αὐτὸ πίνω καινὸν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ. (Mar 14:25 BGT)
And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he said, "Take this, and divide it among yourselves. (Luk 22:17 ESV)
Luke 22:18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes." (Luk 22:18 ESV)
And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, "This is my body, which is given for you." (Luk 22:19a ESV)
καὶ δεξάμενος
ποτήριον (cup) εὐχαριστήσας εἶπεν·
λάβετε (take) τοῦτο καὶ διαμερίσατε εἰς ἑαυτούς· (Luk 22:17 BGT)
λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν, [ὅτι] οὐ μὴ πίω ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως οὗ ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἔλθῃ. (Luk 22:18 BGT)
καὶ λαβὼν
ἄρτον (bread) εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων· τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον· (Luk 22:19a BGT)
(Also parallels in the Didache, Justin Martyr, etc.)
While slightly less than meets the eye in English (the word for 'cup' varies--the one in Dio is more of a 'wine cup' or 'drinking cup', while the other term is more general), the verbal similarity is not unimpressive. Justin Martyr says the same rites are performed in the Mithraic mysteries.
'Take'... 'Eat bread'... 'Drink'... Could all of them have the same source... dinner practices of the age?
"... almost every critical biblical position was earlier advanced by skeptics." - Raymond Brown