1) Paul, Mark, John and the human Jesus
Philippians 2:5-8 |
Mark 14:70-71 |
Mark 15:39 |
John 19:5 |
5 Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus:
6 Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God:
7 But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men:
8 And being found in fashion as a man (ἄνθρωπος), he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. |
70 ... And a little after, they that stood by said again to Peter, Surely thou art one of them: for thou art a Galilaean, and thy speech agreeth thereto.
71 But he began to curse and to swear, saying, I know not this man (ἄνθρωπον) of whom ye speak. |
39 And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this (οὗτος) man (ἄνθρωπος) was the Son of God. |
5 Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the man! (ἄνθρωπος) |
Note that the markan the use of “οὗτος“ (houtos – this) indicate, that the stressed term in Mark 15:39 is not “Son of God”, but “man”. John understood this. Mark avoids first to describe Jesus as a human being, especially in Mark 4:41, where one would expect the word “man” and many translations add it automatically.
2) “οὗτος“ (houtos – this) in Mark
Mark used the word only in direct speech or in quotations of the scriptures (all other evangelists also in the narration of the story with the voice of the narrator). No place in the gospel of Mark, in which the word „οὗτος” does not display a special emphasis. Mark used the word „οὗτος” never accidentally or thoughtlessly, but always carefully considered and deliberately.
2:7 Why does this (οὗτος) man speak like that? He is blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?
3:35 For whoever does the will of God, he (οὗτος) is my brother and sister and mother.
4:41 Who then is this (οὗτος), that even the wind and the sea obey him?
6:3 Is not this (οὗτος) the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James
6:16 But when Herod heard of it, he said, “John, whom I beheaded, he (οὗτος) has been raised.”
7:6 This (οὗτος) people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.
9:7 And a cloud overshadowed them, and a voice came out of the cloud, “This (οὗτος) is my beloved Son ...
12:7 But those tenants said to one another, ‘This (οὗτος) is the heir. Come, let us kill him
12:10 The stone that the builders rejected this (οὗτος) has become the cornerstone
13:13 And you will be hated by all for my name’s sake. But the one (οὗτος) who endures to the end will be saved
14:69 And the servant girl saw him and began again to say to the bystanders, “This (οὗτος) man is one of them.”
15:39 And when the centurion, who stood facing him, saw that in this way he8 breathed his last, he said, “Truly this (οὗτος) man was the Son of God!