https://markusvinzent.blogspot.com/2021 ... d-die.html
"In the following, a first draft of a synopsis [of] the Pauline epistles, as they result from the testimonies for Markion's collection of St. Paul's letters, and the canonical Pauline epistle texts ...
"The comparison is based on Ulrich Schmid, Jason BeDuhn [+/- Vinzent's own observations] ... a good overview is given by the work of these two colleagues."
Galatians [verses probably align best using a computer screen, full width]
the Marcionite text
| the Orthodox/Catholic text |
1,1 Paul, called to be an apostle, not by men or by a man, but by Jesus Christ 2 ............. to the churches in Galatia 3 Grace be with you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, ............................................ ................................... ........................................... ................................... 6 I am amazed that you are so quick to turn from the One who has called you by grace to another gospel. .................... ................................... 7 There is no other gospel, there are only a few people who confuse you and who want to falsification the gospel of Christ. 8 However, even if we ourselves or an angel from heaven preached to you a gospel other than the one we have preached, he is cursed. 9 Whoever proclaims to you a different gospel [contrary to the one you have accepted - be cursed.] ....................................... ................................... [11 I declare to you, brothers and sisters, that the gospel I have preached does not come from men; 12 I did not take it from a man or learn it, but received it through a revelation of Jesus Christ 13 You have heard of my previous way of life in Judaism and know how excessively I persecuted and sought to destroy the Church of God. ................................... 14 In Judaism, I made greater progress than most of my peers in my people and With the greatest zeal I stood up for the traditions of my fathers. 15 But when it pleased God, who had already chosen me in the womb and called by his grace to reveal in me his Son in 16, that I may proclaim him among the nations, I did not consult flesh and blood; 17 Nor did I immediately go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me] ................................... ..................................... ................................... .................................... ................................... 2,1 [Fourteen years(?)] I went up to Jerusalem 2 I presented to [him] the gospel [which I proclaim among the nations]; I wanted to be sure that I wasn't running into the void. 3 But not even my companion Titus, who is Greek, was forced to be circumcised. 4 For as for the false brethren, those invaders who had crept in to spy on and enslave the freedom we have in Christ Jesus, 5 we have not submitted to them for a moment. .................................... ................................... 9 [And they recognized the grace which is bested on me] That is why Peter, James, and John gave Me and Barnabas the right hand [for the sign of communion:] We should go to the Gentiles, they to the circumcised. 10 Only we should think of the poor [......] 11 When Peter [but came to Antioch], I resisted him in the face [because] he had been wrong. 12 [Before [] some arrived], he had eaten with the Gentiles. [After their arrival], however, he withdrew and separated himself because he feared them from circumcision. 13 [And with him the hypocritical others 14 But I saw that] they did not approach the truth of the gospel in a straight line ................................... 16 A man is not justified by works of law, but by faith alone [and we believe in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of law]. ................................... 18 [For] if I rebuild what I have torn down, [then I present myself as a transgressor.] 20 What I now live in the flesh, I live in faith in the Son of God who bought me. ................................... 3,1 [You unreasonable Galatians, who blinded you? Has Jesus Christ not been clearly presented to you as the Crucified One? 2 I would like to know this from you: Have you received the Spirit through the works of the law or by listening to the message of faith? .................................... 5 Why does God give you the Spirit and bring about acts of power among you? From works of law or from listening to the message of faith?] .................................... ..................................... .................................... 10 But those who live from the works of the law are under a curse. Because it is written: Cursed is anyone who does not adhere to everything that the Book of the Law prescribes to do. 11 [That no one is justified before God by the law is obvious;] for he who is righteous out of faith will live. 12 [For the law, however, it is not out of faith] but that he who fulfils the commandments will live through them. 13 Christ freed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us; [because it is written:] Anyone who hangs on the wood is cursed. 14 we thus receive the promised Spirit through faith. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... 22 [but] Scripture has included everything under sin [that the promise of faith in Christ may be given to those who believe.] 26 For all of you are sons by faith. 4,1 But I still speak in the manner of man. 3 Thus, as long as we were immature, we too were slaves to the elemental powers of this world. 4 But when the time was fulfilled, God sent His Son ........ 5 That he may buy free those who are under the law, and that we may attain sonship. 6 But because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, the Spirit who cries out: Abba, Father. 7 [Therefore, you are no longer a slave, but a son; but if you are a son, then also an inheritance, an inheritance of God. 8 But once when you did not know God,] you were slaves of the gods, who in reality are not. 9 But how can you [now that you have known God, even more so have been known by God], return to the weak and poor elemental powers? Why do you want to become their slaves again? 10 Why do you pay so much attention to days, months, certain times and years? 19 my children, for whom I suffer new birth pangs ,[until Christ takes shape in you.] 21 Tell me that ye want to submit to the law, have you never heard the law? 22 [It is written:] Abraham had two sons, one of the slave, the other of the free. 23 That of the slave was begotten according to the flesh, that of the free according to the promise. 24 This is figuratively speaking: These (women) mean two covenants. One comes from Mount Sinai, which gives birth to the synagogue of the Jews according to the law, to slavery; 25 the other gives birth high above all sovereignty, power and dominion and (over) every name that is mentioned not only in this world time, but also in the future. 26 For this is our Mother, to whom we have promised ourselves. 31 So it follows, my brothers and sisters, that we are not children of the slave, but children of the free. 5,1 Christ has set us free for freedom . . . . . ..do not let a yoke of bondage be imposed on you again, which is the law! 3 Again, I testify to every man who allows himself to be circumcised: he is obliged to keep the whole law 6 [For] in Christ neither circumcision nor uncircumcision can do anything, but faith that works through love. 9 A little sourdough activates the whole dough. 10 ....Whoever confuses you will have to bear the verdict. 14 For the whole law is fulfilled in the one word: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself! 16 [But I say, walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfill the desire of the flesh!17 For the flesh desires against the Spirit, the Spirit against the flesh, for these are opposed to each other, that ye may not do what ye will. 18 But if ye allow yourselves to be eded by the Spirit, then ye are not under the law.] 19 The works of the flesh are clearly recognizable: fornication, impurity, debauchery, 20 idolatry, sorcery, enmities, strife, jealousy, anger, self-interest, divisions, partisanship, 21 envy, excessive drinking and eating [and the like.] I foretold you, as I foretold earlier: He who does such a thing will not inherit the kingdom of God. 22 [But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 meekness and abstinence; against all this the law is not. 24 and] who belong to Christ have crucified the flesh and thus their passions and desires. 6 2 One bears the burden of the other; thus you will fulfill the law of Christ. 6 Whoever is instructed in the word of the gospel may share in all goods to him who instruct him. 7 Do not be deceived: God will not mock him; for what man sows, he will reap. 8 [For he who sows upon his own flesh] shall reap perdition [of the flesh]; [whoever sows on the Spirit] will reap life from the Spirit. 9 Let us not tire of doing good; [because if we don't let up in this,] we will reap as soon as the time comes. 10 [Therefore], as long as we have time, let us do good to all people. 12 [Those people who seek recognition in the flesh require you to be circumcised only] so that they will not be persecuted because of the cross of Christ. 13 For although they are circumcised, they themselves do not keep the law 14 .... The world is crucified to me and I to the world 16 [Peace and mercy come upon all] who follow this principle ... 17 For I carry the signs of Jesus' suffering on my body. |
1 Paul, called to be an apostle, not by men or by a man, but by Jesus Christ and by God the Father who raised him from the dead, 2 and all the brethren who are with me to the churches in Galatia: 3 Grace be with you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, 4 who gave himself for our sins in order to deliver us from the present evil world, according to the will of our God and Father. 5 Glory to him for all eternity. Amen. 6 I am amazed that you are so quick to turn away from the One who has called you by the grace of Christ and that you are turning to a different gospel. 7 There is no other gospel, there are only a few people who confuse you and who want to falsification the gospel of Christ. 8 However, even if we ourselves or an angel from heaven preached to you a gospel other than the one we have preached, he is cursed. 9 What I have said, I say again: Whoever preaches to you another gospel in contradiction to that which you have accepted, be cursed. 10 Am I concerned with the consent of men or am I concerned with God? Am I looking to please people? If I still wanted to please the people, then I would not be a servant of Christ. 11 I declare to you, brothers and sisters, that the gospel which I have preached does not come from men; 12 I did not take it from a man or learn it, but received it through a revelation of Jesus Christ. 13 You have heard of my earlier way of life in Judaism, and you know how excessively I persecuted and sought to destroy the Church of God. 14 In Judaism, I made greater progress than most of my peers in my people, and with the greatest zeal I stood up for the traditions of my fathers. 15 But when it pleased God, who had already chosen me in the womb and called by his grace to reveal in me his Son in 16, that I may proclaim him among the nations, I did not consult flesh and blood; 17 Nor did I immediately go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me, but went to Arabia and then returned to Damascus. 18 Three years later, I went up to Jerusalem to meet Cephas and stayed with him for fifteen days. 19 Of the other apostles, I saw none, only James, the brother of the Lord. 20 What I am writing to you here - behold, by God, I am not lying. 21 After that, I went to the territory of Syria and Cilicia. 22 But I personally remained unknown to the churches of Christ in Judea, 23 of them only heard that He, who once persecuted us, now proclaims the faith that he used to want to destroy. 24 And they praised God for my sake. 2,1 Fourteen years later I went back up to Jerusalem, together with Barnabas; I also took Titus with me. 2 I went up because of a revelation [and] presented to the church, especially to the respected, the gospel that I had proclaimed among the nations; I wanted to be sure that I wasn't running into the void. 3 But not even my companion Titus, who is Greek, was forced to be circumcised. 4 For as for the false brethren, those invaders who had crept in to spy on and enslave the freedom we have in Christ Jesus, 5 we have not submitted to them for a moment, and have not yielded to them, that the truth of the gospel may be unto you will be preserved. 6 But even of those who enjoy prestige — what they used to be, I don't care, God doesn't look at the person — nothing has been imposed on me even by the respected. 7 On the contrary, they saw that the gospel for the uncircumcised is entrusted to me, as peter is entrusted to me for the circumcised—8 for God, who gave Peter the strength to serve the Apostles among the circumcised, gave it to me for service among the nations— 9 and they recognized the grace best given uneasily. That is why James, Cephas and John, who are regarded as the pillars, shook hands with me and Barnabas as a sign of communion: we should go to the Gentiles, they to the circumcised. 10 Only should we think of the poor; and to do so, I have worked diligently. 11 But when Cephas came to Antioch, I resisted him in the face because he had been wronged. 12 Before some of James arrived, he had eaten with the Gentiles. After their arrival, however, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing those from circumcision. 13 And with him the other hypocritical Jews, that Barnabas too was swept away by their hypocrisy. 14 But when I saw that they did not approach the truth of the gospel in a straight line, I said to Cephas in the presence of all, "If you live as a Jew in the manner of the Gentiles, and not in the manner of the Jews, how can you then comprehend the Gentiles, to live like Jews? 15 We who are Jews by birth and not sinners from the Gentiles, 16 know that man is not justified by works of law, but by faith in Jesus Christ; thus we too have come to faith in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of law; for no flesh is justified by works of law. 17 If we, too, who seek to be righteous in Christ, are invented as sinners, is Christ a servant of sin? By no means! 18 For when I rebuild what I have torn down, I present myself as a transgressor. 19 For I have died by the law of the law, that I may live for God. I have been crucified with Christ. 20 It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. What I now live in the flesh, I live in faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. 21 I do not disregard the grace of God in any way; for if righteousness came through the law, Christ would have died in vain. 3,1 You unreasonable Galatians, who has blinded you? Has Jesus Christ not been clearly presented to you as the Crucified One? 2 I would like to know this from you: Have you received the Spirit through the works of the law or by listening to the message of faith? 3 Are you so unreasonable? You started in the Spirit and now you want to end in the flesh? 4 Have you experienced such great things in vain? If it was in vain! 5 Why does God give you the Spirit and bring about acts of power among you? From works of law or from listening to the message of faith? 6 So with Abraham: He believed God, and this was credited to him as righteousness. 7 So realize that those who live by faith are sons of Abraham. 8 And since Scripture foresaw that God would make righteous nations by faith, it taught Abraham in advance: In you all nations shall be blessed. 9 Thus they who believe are blessed with the believing Abraham. 10 But those who live from the works of the law are under a curse. Because it is written: Cursed is anyone who does not adhere to everything that the Book of the Law prescribes to do. 11 But that no one is justified before God by the law is obvious; for he who is righteous by faith shall live. 12 For the law, however, it is not out of faith, but that he who fulfils the commandments will live by them. 13 Christ freed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us; for it is written: Cursed is everyone who hangs on the wood. 14 Jesus Christ bought us free, so that through Him the blessings of Abraham might be bestowed on the nations, and thus we might receive the promised Spirit by faith. 15 Brothers and sisters, I take a comparison from human life: No one overrides or adds an addition to a man's legally established will. 16 The promises were made to Abraham and to his descendants. It does not mean: and the descendants, as if many were meant, but it is spoken of only one: and your descendant; but this is Christ. 17 By this I say that the testament to which God has previously given validity is not invalidated by the law enacted four hundred and thirty years later, so that the promise would be abolished. 18 If the inheritance were to derive from the law, it would no longer be derived from the promise. But God showed grace to Abraham through the promise. 19 Then why does the law exist? Because of the transgressions, it was added until the descendant came, to whom the promise applies. It was issued by angels and announced by an intermediary. 20 However, the intermediary is not the intermediary of one; But God is the One. 21 So does the law stand against the promises of God? By no means! If a law had been given that has the power to make alive, then justice would indeed come from the law; 22 But Scripture has enclosed all things under sin, that the promise of faith in Jesus Christ may be given unto those who believe. 23 Before faith came, we were protected by the law, kept safe until faith was to be revealed. 24 Thus the law has become our educator of Christ, that we may be made righteous by faith. 25 But after faith has come, we are no longer under the educator. 26 For all of you are by faith sons of God in Christ Jesus. 27 For all of you who are baptized into Christ have attracted Christ. 28 There are no more Jews and Greeks, not slaves and freemen, not male and female; for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 But if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's descendants, heirs according to the promise. 4,1 But I say that as long as the heir is immature, he is in no way different from a slave, although he is master of all things; 2 he is under guardianship and his inheritance is administered until the time determined by his father. 3 Thus, as long as we were immature, we too were slaves to the elemental powers of this world. 4 But when the time was fulfilled, God sent His Son, born of a woman and subject to the law, 5 that he may buy free those who are under the law, and that we may attain sonship. 6 But because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, the Spirit who cries out: Abba, Father. 7 Therefore, you are no longer a slave, but a son; but if you are a son, then also an inheritance, an inheritance of God. 8 But once, when you did not know God, you were slaves to the gods, who in reality are none. 9 But now that you have known God, and even more so have been known by God, how can you return to the weak and poor elemental powers? Why do you want to become their slaves again? 10 Why do you pay so much attention to days, months, certain times and years? 11 I am afraid I have tried in vain for you. 12 Become like me, for I too have become like you, I ask you, brothers and sisters. You have done me no wrong. 13 But you know that in the weakness of the flesh I preached the gospel to you at that time, 14 But you did not respond with contempt and disgust to my weakness, which was a temptation for you, but welcomed me as an angel of God, like Christ Jesus. 15 So where is your Beatitude? I testify to you: If it had been possible, you would have ripped your eyes out to give them to me. 16 So have I become your enemy because I tell you the truth? 17 Those people do not zeal for you in good faith; they want to make you apostate so that you may be jealous of them. 18 It is good to zeal for the good at all times, and not only when I am with you, 19 my children, for whom I suffer new birth pangs until Christ takes shape in you. 20 I wanted I could be with you now and talk to you in a different tone; for you make me perplexed. 21 Tell me that ye want to submit to the law, have you never heard the law? 22 It is written that Abraham had two sons, one of the slave, the other of the free. 23 That of the slave was begotten according to the flesh, that of the free according to the promise. 24 This is figuratively speaking: These women mean two covenants. One comes from Mount Sinai and gives birth to slavery; that is Hagar, 25 because Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia. However, the present Jerusalem corresponds to it, because it serves as slaves with its children. 26 But the Jerusalem above is free; and this is our Mother. 27 For it is written: Rejoice, thou infertile one, who has never given birth, / break out in jubilation and rejoice, which thou never lay in labor! / For many children has the lonely, / more than that which has the man. 28 But ye, brothers and sisters, are children of promise like Isaac! 29 But as then the Son, who was begotten according to the flesh, the persecuted one who was begotten according to the Spirit, so it happens now. 30 But Scripture says: Push out the slave and her son! For the son of the slave should not be heir together with the son of the free. 31 So it follows, my brothers and sisters, that we are not children of the slave, but children of the free. 5,1 For freedom, Christ has set us free. Therefore, stand firm and do not let a yoke of bondage be imposed on you again! 2 Behold, I, Paul, say unto you, if you allow yourselves to be circumcised, Christ will be of no use to you. 3 I testify again to every man who allows himself to be circumcised: he is obliged to keep all the law. 4 You who want to be justified by the law are separated from Christ; you have fallen out of grace. 5 For we await, in spirit, from faith the hope of righteousness. 6 [For] in Christ Jesus, neither circumcision nor uncircumcision can do anything, but faith that works through love. 7 You were doing well. Who prevented you from continuing to follow the truth? 8 Whatever has been said to persuade you, it does not come from the one who calls you. 9 A little sourdough activates the whole dough. 10 I trust in you in the Lord that you will not think otherwise. Whoever confuses you will have to bear the judgment, whoever it is. 11 But I, brothers and sisters, if I still proclaimed circumcision, why am I persecuted? This would eliminate the annoyance of the cross. 12 These people who cause trouble in you should allow themselves to be taught right away. 13 For ye are called to freedom, brothers and sisters. Only do not take freedom as a pretext for the flesh, but serve one another in love! 14 For the whole law is fulfilled in the one word: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself! 15 But if ye bite and eat one another, be careful not to be devoured by the other! 16 But I say, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfill the desire of the flesh! 17 For the flesh desires against the Spirit, the Spirit against the flesh, for these are opposed to each other, that ye may not do what ye will. 18 But if you allow yourselves to be moved by the Spirit, you are not under the law. 19 The works of the flesh are clearly recognizable: fornication, impurity, debauchery, 20 idolatry, sorcery, enmities, strife, jealousy, anger, self-interest, divisions, partisanship, 21 envy, excessive drinking and eating [and the like.] I foretold you, as I foretold earlier: He who does such a thing will not inherit the kingdom of God. 22 [But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 meekness and abstinence; against all this is not the law. 24 and] who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh and thus their passions and desires. 25 If we live in the Spirit, let us walk in the Spirit too! 26 Let us not boast, challenge one another, and envy one another! 6,1 Brothers and sisters, if a man allows himself to be carried away by a transgression, you who are filled with the Spirit should rebuke him in the spirit of meekness. But be careful not to be tempted yourself! 2 One bears the burden of the other; thus ye shall fulfill the law of Christ. 3 For he who imagines himself to be something, even though he is nothing, deceives himself. 4 Let each examine his own work. Then he will only be able to boast about himself, but not in comparison with others. 5 For each shall have to bear his own burden. 6 Whoever is instructed in the word of the gospel may share in all goods to him who instruct him. 7 Do not be deceived: God will not mock him; for what man sows, he will reap. 8 For whosoever sows upon his own flesh shall reap perdition from the flesh; but he who sows on the Spirit will reap eternal life from the Spirit. 9 Let us not tire of doing good; for if we do not let up in this, we will reap as soon as the time comes. 10 Therefore, as long as we have time, let us do good to all men, but especially to our fellow believers! 11 See with what great letters I write to you, with our own hand. 12 Those people who seek recognition in the flesh only require you to circumcise them because of the cross of Christ. not to be prosecuted. 13 For although they are circumcised, they themselves do not keep the law; yet they urge your circumcision so that they can boast of your flesh. 14 But I will boast only of the cross of Jesus Christ our Lord, by which the world is crucified to me and I to the world. 15 For there is neither circumcision nor uncircumcision, but new creation. 16 Peace and mercy come upon all who follow this principle and upon the Israel of God. 17 In the future, no one shall cause me such difficulties. For I carry the signs of Jesus' suffering on my body. 18 May the grace of Jesus Christ our Lord be with your Spirit, my brothers and sisters! Amen. . |