Who's death Jos. blamed for city's destruction

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DCHindley
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Who's death Jos. blamed for city's destruction

Post by DCHindley »

It was not "James the just." It was Ananus, the former HP, who was the highest ranking aristocratic priest in charge of civil government at this time (about 66 CE).

Since it came up in another thread, I would propose this segment of text (which contains a doublet even), and the speech that Ananus & Jesus [the priests at the top of the civil government] has most of the elements of Hegesippus' story line.
War Book 4.5.2. But the rage of the Idumeans was not satiated by these slaughters
[of the sleeping guards who had been stationed behind the closed doors, after the Zealots let them in]; but they now betook themselves to the city, and plundered every house, and slew every one they met;

and for the other multitude, they esteemed it needless to go on with killing them, but they sought for the high
priests,
and the generality went with the greatest zeal against them;

and as soon as they caught them they slew them, and then standing upon their dead bodies, in way of jest, upbraided Ananus with his kindness to the people, and Jesus with his speech made to them from the wall.

Nay, they proceeded to that degree of impiety, as to cast away their dead bodies without burial,

although the Jews used to take so much care of the burial of men, that they took down those that were condemned and
crucified, and buried them before the going down of the sun.

I should not mistake if I said that the death of Ananus was the beginning of the destruction of the city, and that from this very day may be dated the overthrow of her wall, and the ruin of her affairs, whereon they saw their high priest, and the procurer of their preservation, slain in the midst of their city.


He was on other accounts also a venerable, and a very just man; and besides the grandeur of that nobility, and dignity, and honor of which he was possessed, he had been a lover of a kind of parity, even with regard to the meanest of the people; he was a prodigious lover of liberty, and an admirer of a democracy in government;

and did ever prefer the public welfare before his own advantage, and preferred peace above all things; for he was thoroughly sensible that the Romans were not to be conquered. He also foresaw that of necessity a war would follow, and that unless the Jews made up matters with them very dexterously, they would be destroyed; to say all in a word,

if Ananus had survived, they had certainly compounded matters; for he was a shrewd man in speaking and persuading the people, and had already gotten the mastery of those that opposed his designs, or were for the war. And the Jews had then put abundance of delays in the way of the Romans, if they had had such a general as he was.

Jesus [Ananus' 2nd in command] was also joined with him; and although he was inferior to him [Ananus] upon the
comparison, he was superior to the rest;

and I cannot but think that it was because God had doomed this city to destruction, as a polluted city, and was resolved to purge his sanctuary by fire, that he cut off these their great defenders and well-wishers,

while those that a little before had worn the sacred garments, and had presided over the public worship; and had been esteemed venerable by those that dwelt on the whole habitable earth when they came into our city,

were cast out naked, and seen to be the food of dogs and wild beasts.

And I cannot but imagine that virtue itself groaned at these men's case, and lamented that she was here so terribly conquered by wickedness. And this at last was the end of Ananus and Jesus.
I suggested that James son of Sosa, the deposed Idumean general, had likely undergone a "show trial" before Simon bar Giora. While the following show trials were conducted by the Zealots with Idumean assistance, before the time Simon consolidated power, albeit with strong Idumean support, until near the the end, when he arrested the generals and they disappear from Josephus' narrative, they at least indicate that there is a precedent for show trials among Zealots & Idumeans:
3. Now after these were slain, the zealots and the multitude of the Idumeans fell upon the people as upon a flock of profane animals, and cut their throats; and for the ordinary sort, they were destroyed in what place soever they caught them.

But for the noblemen and the youth, they first caught them and bound them, and shut them up in prison, and put off their slaughter, in hopes that some of them would turn over to their party;

but not one of them would comply with their desires, but all of them preferred death before being enrolled among such wicked wretches as acted against their own country.

But this refusal of theirs brought upon them terrible torments; for they were so scourged and tortured, that their bodies were not able to sustain their torments, till at length, and with difficulty, they had the favor to be slain.

Those whom they caught in the day time were slain in the night, and then their bodies were carried out and thrown away, that there might be room for other prisoners;

and the terror that was upon the people was so great, that no one had courage enough either to weep openly for the dead man that was related to him, or to bury him;

but those that were shut up in their own houses could only shed tears in secret, and durst not even groan without great caution, lest any of their enemies should hear them; for if they did, those that mourned for others soon underwent the same death with those whom they mourned for.

Only in the night time they would take up a little dust, and throw it upon their bodies; and even some that were the most ready to expose themselves to danger would do it in the day time:

and there were twelve thousand of the better sort who perished in this manner.

4. And now these zealots and Idumeans were quite weary of barely killing men, so they had the impudence of setting up fictitious tribunals and judicatures for that purpose;

and as they intended to have Zacharias 9 the son of Baruch, one of the most eminent of the citizens, slain,

so what provoked them against him was, that hatred of wickedness and love of liberty which were so eminent in him: he was also a rich man, so that by taking him off, they did not only hope to seize his effects, but also to get rid of a mall(sic) that had great power to destroy them.

So they called together, by a public proclamation, seventy of the principal men of the populace, for a show, as if they were real judges, while they had no proper authority.

Before these was Zacharias accused of a design to betray their polity to the Romans, and having traitorously sent to
Vespasian for that purpose.

Now there appeared no proof or sign of what he was accused; but they affirmed themselves that they were well
persuaded that so it was, and desired that such their affirmation might be taken for sufficient evidence.

Now when Zacharias clearly saw that there was no way remaining for his escape from them, as having been treacherously called before them, and then put in prison, but not with any intention of a legal trial, he took great liberty of speech in that despair of his life he was under.

Accordingly he stood up, and laughed at their pretended accusation, and in a few words confuted the crimes laid to his charge; after which he turned his speech to his accusers, and went over distinctly all their transgressions of the law, and made heavy lamentation upon the confusion they had brought public affairs to:

in the mean time, the zealots grew tumultuous, and had much ado to abstain from drawing their swords, although they designed to preserve the appearance and show of judicature to the end.

They were also desirous, on other accounts, to try the judges, whether they would be mindful of what was just - [but] at their own peril.

Now the seventy judges brought in their verdict that the person accused was not guilty, as choosing rather to die themselves with him, than to have his death laid at their doors;

hereupon there arose a great clamor of the zealots upon his acquittal, and they all had indignation at the judges for not
understanding that the authority that was given them was but in jest.

So two of the boldest of them fell upon Zacharias in the middle of the temple, and slew him;

and as he fell down dead, they bantered him, and said, "Thou hast also our verdict, and this will prove a more sure
acquittal to thee than the other."

They also threw him down from the temple immediately into the valley beneath it.

Moreover, they struck the judges with the backs of their swords, by way of abuse, and thrust them out of the court of the temple, and spared their lives with no other design than that, when they were dispersed among the people in the city, they might become their messengers, to let them know they were no better than slaves.
There is a relation to the NT:
Matthew 23:35

That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.

Luke 11:50–51

That the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation; From the blood of Abel unto the blood of Zacharias, which perished between the altar and the temple.
And yes, I am aware that there were two previous people named Zachariah son of Baruch, all claimed to have been slain in the midst of the temple courts.

DCH
AdamKvanta
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Re: Who's death Jos. blamed for city's destruction

Post by AdamKvanta »

DCHindley wrote: Thu Apr 25, 2024 5:09 pm There is a relation to the NT:
Matthew 23:35

That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.
Interesting post. Btw, I saw this on Wikipedia:
The Gospel of the Nazarenes, which is said to have been related to the Gospel of Matthew, and is considered the true Gospel of Matthew to the Nazarene Christians, says "son of Jehoiada" instead of "son of Berechiah".

I think Josephus' story about Ananus & Jesus also has a relation to this NT section:
And I will grant authority to my two witnesses, and they will prophesy for 1,260 days, ... When they have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up out of the abyss will make war with them, and overcome them and kill them. And their dead bodies will lie on the street of the great city which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also their Lord was crucified. Those from the peoples, tribes, languages, and nations will look at their dead bodies for three and a half days, and will not allow their dead bodies to be laid in a tomb. And those who live on the earth will rejoice over them and celebrate; and they will send gifts to one another, because these two prophets tormented those who live on the earth. (Revelation 11:3-12)

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DCHindley
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Re: Who's death Jos. blamed for city's destruction

Post by DCHindley »

AdamKvanta wrote: Sat Apr 27, 2024 7:31 am
DCHindley wrote: Thu Apr 25, 2024 5:09 pm There is a relation to the NT:
Matthew 23:35

That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.
Interesting post. Btw, I saw this on Wikipedia:
The Gospel of the Nazarenes, which is said to have been related to the Gospel of Matthew, and is considered the true Gospel of Matthew to the Nazarene Christians, says "son of Jehoiada" instead of "son of Berechiah".

I think Josephus' story about Ananus & Jesus also has a relation to this NT section:
And I will grant authority to my two witnesses, and they will prophesy for 1,260 days, ... When they have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up out of the abyss will make war with them, and overcome them and kill them. And their dead bodies will lie on the street of the great city which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also their Lord was crucified. Those from the peoples, tribes, languages, and nations will look at their dead bodies for three and a half days, and will not allow their dead bodies to be laid in a tomb. And those who live on the earth will rejoice over them and celebrate; and they will send gifts to one another, because these two prophets tormented those who live on the earth. (Revelation 11:3-12)

Yes, I agree that a great deal of the details in the Revelation may have been derived from the vivid accounts of the Judean war and its key characters.

As for Zechariah son of Berechiah vs Jehoiada, I think the earliest Zechariah was indeed related to Jehoiada. I don't know if he was conflated with Zechariah a prophet of later time, and with Zechariah wo was later killed by Idumean/Zealot radical forces. This does not sound, to me, like the Jesus who was scourged for lamenting Jerusalem like a crazy man, and later killed by a Roman ballistae during the siege.

DCH
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