some notes on the introduction of names in Josephus

[Peter Kirby]

These notes were developed for a thesis that I've since abandoned already, but they still have some value on their own.

Cyrus and Darius first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 10.11.2
Κῦρός τε ὁ Περσῶν βασιλεὺς καὶ Δαρεῖος ὁ Μήδων ("Cyrus, the king of Persia, and Darius, the king of Media")

Nebuchadnezzar first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 10.6.1
Ναβουχοδονόσορος ὄνομα ("one whose name was Nebuchadnezzar")

Mithridates first mentioned, no definite article
Ant 11.1.3
Μιθριδάτῃ τῷ γαζοφύλακι ("to Mithridates, the treasurer")

Sanabassar first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.1.3
Ἀβεσσάρῳ ("to Sanabassar" [cf. Ezra 1:8])

Daniel first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 10.11.2
ὡς ἔστι τις ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας αἰχμάλωτος ἐκεῖθεν τὸ γένος ἀχθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Ναβουχοδονοσόρου πορθήσαντος Ἱεροσόλυμα Δανίηλος ὄνομα, σοφὸς ἀνὴρ
("a certain captive who came from Judea, a Jew by birth, but brought away thence by Nebuchadnezzar when he had destroyed Jerusalem, whose name was Daniel, a wise man")

Sisinnes and Sathrabuzanes first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.1.3
‘βασιλεὺς Κῦρος Σισίνῃ καὶ Σαραβασάνῃ χαίρειν ("King Cyrus to Sisinnes and Sathrabuzanes sendeth greeting")

Zorobabel first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.1.3
Ζοροβαβήλῳ τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν Ἰουδαίων ("Zorobabel, the governor of the Jews" [cf. Haggai 1:1])

Shalmanezer first mentioned, no definite article (and second mention, no definite article, first descriptive phrase)
Ant. 10.9.7 - Σαλμανάσσης ("Shalmanezer")
Ant. 11.2.1 - Σαλμανασσάρης ὁ τῶν Ἀσσυρίων βασιλεὺς ("Shalmanezer, king of Assyria")

Cambyses first mentioned, no definite article
Καμβύσου δὲ τοῦ Κύρου παιδὸς ("But when Cambyses, the son of Cyrus")

Rathumus and Semellius first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.2.1
Ῥάθυμος ὁ πάντα τὰ πραττόμενα γράφων καὶ Σεμέλιος ὁ γραμματεὺς ("Rathumus the historiographer, and Semellius the scribe")

Cambyses subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.2.2
Ἀναγνοὺς δὲ ὁ Καμβύσης τὴν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ φύσει πονηρὸς ὢν("When Cambyses had read the epistle, being naturally wicked")

Rathumus subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.2.2
τούτων ἀναγνωσθέντων τῶν γραμμάτων ὁ Ῥάθυμο ("When this epistle was read, Rathumus")

Darius (son of Hystaspes) first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.3.1
τὸν Ὑστάσπου παῖδα Δαρεῖον ("Darius, the son of Hystaspes")

Apame first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.3.5
ὑπὸ τῆς Ῥαβεζάκου τοῦ Θεμασίου παιδὸς Ἀπάμης ("by Apame, the daughter of Rabsases Themasius")

Zorobabel subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.3.7
Καταπαύει μὲν ὁ Ζοροβάβηλος τὸν περὶ τῆς ἀληθείας λόγον ("So when Zorobabel had left off his discourse about truth")

Zorobabel subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.3.8
τὸν Ζοροβάβηλον ("Zorobabel")

Jesus first mentioned, no definite aritcle
Ant. 11.3.10
Ἰησοῦς υἱὸς Ἰωσεδέκου ("Jeshua, the son of Josedek the high priest")

Mordecai and Serebeus first mentioned, definite article for Mordecai only (possibly connected to this Mordecai's prominence in the Book of Esther)
Ant. 11.3.10
πρὸς τούτοις ὁ Μαρδοχαῖος καὶ Σερεβαῖος ἐκ τοῦ πλήθους κεκριμένοι ἄρχοντες ἦσαν
("and besides these there were Mordecai and Serebeus, who were distinguished from the multitude, and were rulers")

Codmiel first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.4.2
καὶ Ζοδμοῆλον τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰούδα τοῦ Ἀμιναδάβου καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ
("and Codmiel the brother of Judas, the son of Aminadab, with his sons")

Zorobabel subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.4.3
τῷ Ζοροβαβήλῳ (to Zorobabel)

Sisinnes subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.4.4
Σισίνου τοῦ τῆς Συρίας καὶ Φοινίκης ἐπάρχου καὶ Σαρωβαζάνου μετὰ καί τινων ἑτέρων
("Sisinnes, the governor of Syria and Phoenicia, and Sathrabuzanes, with certain others")

Sisinnes subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.4.5
ὁ Σισίννης καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ
("Sisinnes, and those that were with him")

Sisinnes subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.4.7
τῷ Σισίννῃ καὶ τοῖς ἑταίροις αὐτοῦ ("Sisinnes, and those that were with him")

Sisinnes subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.4.7
ὁ Σισίννης καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ ("Sisinnes, and those that were with him")

Tanganas, Sambabas, Sadraces, Bobelo, Zorobabel, Ananias, and Mordecai mentioned; no definite article
Ant. 11.4.9
Ταγανᾷ καὶ Σαμβᾷ ... καὶ ... Σαδράκῃ καὶ Βουήδωνι ... Ζοροβάβηλος καὶ Ἀνανίας καὶ Μαρδοχαῖος
("to Tanganas and Sambabas, ... to Sadraces and Bobelo... : Zorobabel, Ananias, and Mordecai")

Xerxes first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.5.1
Δαρείου δὲ τελευτήσαντος παραλαβὼν τὴν βασιλείαν ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ Ξέρξης ("Upon the death of Darius, Xerxes his son")

Joacim first mentinoed, no definite article
Ant. 11.5.1
Ἰησοῦ παῖς Ἰωάκειμος ὄνομα ("a son of Jeshua, whose name was Joacim")

Esdras first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.5.1
καλούμενος Ἔζδρας ("his name was Esdras")

Jechonias first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.5.4
Ἀχόνιός τις ὀνόματι πρῶτος τῶν Ἱεροσολυμιτῶν ("one whose name was Jechonias" [one Jechonias, by name], "a principal man in Jerusalem")

Johanan first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.5.4
εἰς τὸ παστοφόριον τὸ Ἰωάννου τοῦ Ἐλιασίβου (the priest-chamber, that of John, the son of Eliasib)
(Whiston's "the chamber of Johanan, the son of Eliasib" neglects the specificity of παστοφόριον and the accusative/genetive case disagreement.)

Eliasib mentioned (apparently for a second time, first as a patronym above), no definite article
Ant. 11.5.5
παῖς αὐτοῦ Ἐλεάσιβος ("his son Eliasib")

Nehemiah first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.5.6
τις Ἰουδαίων οἰνοχόος τοῦ βασιλέως Ξέρξου Νεεμίας ὄνομα
("one of those Jews that had been carried captive who was cup-bearer to king Xerxes; his name was Nehemiah")

Nehemiah subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.5.6
ὁ Νεεμίας ("Nehemiah")

Nehemiah subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.5.6
εἰς τὸν Νεεμίαν ("on Nehemiah")

Nehemiah subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.5.6
ὁ μὲν οὖν Νεεμίας προσκυνήσας τῷ θεῷ

Adeus first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.5.6
πρὸς Ἀδδαῖον ἐπιστολὴν κομίσαι τὸν τῆς Συρίας καὶ Φοινίκης καὶ Σαμαρείας
("an epistle ... to Adeus, the governor of Syria, and Phoenicia, and Samaria")

Nehemiah subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.5.6
τῆς τιμῆς τοῦ Νεεμίου ("due honor to Nehemiah")

Adeus subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.5.7
τῷ Ἀδδαίῳ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπάρχοις ("to Adeus, and to the other governors")

Nehemiah subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.5.8
τὸν Νεεμίαν ("Nehemiah")

Nehemiah subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.5.8
τὸν δὲ Νεεμίαν ("But ... Nehemiah")

Nehemiah subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.5.8
ὁ Νεεμίας ("Nehemiah")

Cyrus (Artaxerxes) first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.6.1
εἰς τὸν υἱὸν Κῦρον, ὃν Ἀρταξέρξην Ἕλληνες καλοῦσιν

Artaxerxes subsequently mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.6.1
ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης

Vashti first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.6.1
ἡ βασίλισσα Ἄστη ("Vashti the queen")

Memucan first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.6.1
ἑνὸς δ᾽ ἐξ αὐτῶν Μουχαίου ὄνομα ("So one of them, whose name was Memucan")

Vashti subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.1
τὴν Ἄστην (Vashti)

Mordecai mentioned for the second time (previously mentioned in 11.3.10), no definite article
Ant. 11.6.2
παρὰ τῷ θείῳ Μαρδοχαίῳ, τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν ὄνομα αὐτῷ ("with her uncle Mordecai, for that was her uncle's name")

Esther first mentioned, definite article for Esther
Ant. 11.6.2
πασῶν δὲ τὴν Ἐσθῆρα συνέβαινεν, τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν αὐτῇ τοὔνομα (Now it proved that this damsel, whose name was Esther)

Esther subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.2
τῆς Ἐσθήρας (Esther)

Bigthan, Teresh, and Barnabazus first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.6.4
Βαγαθώου καὶ Θεοδοσίτου Βαρνάβαζος

Mordecai subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.4
τῷ δὲ Μαρδοχαίῳ (to Mordecai)

Haman first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.6.5
Ἀμάνην δὲ Ἀμαδάθου μὲν υἱὸν ("Now there was one Haman, the son of Amedatha")

Haman subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.5
ὁ Ἀμάνης ("Haman")

Mordecai subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.5
τὸν Μαρδοχαῖον ("Mordecai")

Haman subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.6
τοῦ Ἀμάνου (Haman)

Haman subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.6
ὁ Ἀμάνης (Haman)

Mordecai subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.7
Ὁ δὲ Μαρδοχαῖος ("Now when Mordecai")

Mordecai subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.7
τὸν Μαρδοχαῖον ("Mordecai")

Mordecai subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.7
ὁ δὲ Μαρδοχαῖος ("Mordecai")

Esther subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.7
τῇ Ἐσθῆρι ("Esther")

Esther subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.7
τῆς Ἐσθῆρος ("Esther")

Esther subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.7
ἡ δὲ Ἐσθήρα ("But Esther")

Mordecai subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.7
τῷ Μαρδοχαίῳ ("to Mordecai")

Esther subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.8 (Ant. 11.229)
τὰς Ἐσθῆρος ("Esther")

Esther subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.9 (Ant. 11.241)
τὴν Ἐσθῆρ ("Esther")

Esther subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.9 (Ant. 11.242)
ἡ δὲ Ἐσθήρα ("Accordingly, Esther")

Esther subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.9 (Ant. 11.242)
τὴν Ἐσθῆρα ("Esther")

Haman subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.10 (Ant. 11.244)
ὁ Ἀμάνης ("Haman")

Esther subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.10 {Ant. 11.244)
τῇ Ἐσθήρᾳ ("Esther")

Mordecai subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.10 (Ant. 11.251)
τοῦ Μαρδοχαίου ("Mordecai")

Haman subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.10 (Ant. 11.255)
ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἀμάνης ("Now Haman")

Mordecai subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.10 (Ant. 11.256)
τὸν Μαρδοχαῖον ("Mordecai")

Mordecai subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.10 (Ant. 11.259)
ὁ μὲν Μαρδοχαῖος ("Mordecai")

Sabuchadas first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.6.11 (Ant. 11.261)
Σαβουχάδας δὲ τῶν εὐνούχων ("but one of the eunuchs, named Sabuchadas")

Haman subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.6.11 (Ant. 11.261)
τὸν γὰρ Ἀμάνην ("because Haman")

τοῦ Ἀμάνου (Ant. 11.262)

τοῦ Ἀμάνου (Ant. 11.264)

τῆς Ἐσθήρας ὁ Ἀμάνης (Ant. 11.265)

τοῦ Ἀμάνου (Ant. 11.266)

τὸν Ἀμάνην (Ant. 11.267)

τὴν Ἀμάνου (Ant. 11.268)

ὁ δὲ Μαρδοχαῖος (Ant. 11.284)

ὁ δὲ Μαρδοχαῖος (Ant. 11.295)

Judas (Son of Eliasib) first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.7.1 (Ant. 11.297)
Ἰώδας ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ ("his son Judas")

John (Son of Eliasib) mentioned a second time (first time Ant. 11.5.4), no definite article
Ant. 11.5.4 (Ant. 11.297)
Ἰωάννης υἱὸς ὢν αὐτοῦ ("his son John")

Bagoses and another Artaxerxes first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.7.1 (Ant. 11.297)
Βαγώσης ὁ στρατηγὸς τοῦ ἄλλου Ἀρταξέρξου ("Bagoses, the general of another Artaxerxes's army")

Jesus first mentioned, no definite article & John subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.7.1 (Ant. 11.298)
ἀδελφὸς ἦν τῷ Ἰωάννῃ Ἰησοῦς ("Now Jesus was the brother of John")

John subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.7.1 (Ant. 11.298)
τῷ Ἰωάννῃ ("with John")

John subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.7.1 (Ant. 11.299)
τῷ Ἰωάννῃ ("for John")

John subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.7.2 (Ant. 11.302)
τοῦ Ἰωάννου ("John")

Jaddua first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.7.2 (Ant. 11.302)
ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ Ἰαδδοῦς ("his son Jaddua")

Manasseh first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.7.2 (Ant. 11.302)
ἦν δὲ καὶ τούτῳ ἀδελφὸς Μανασσῆς ὄνομα ("He had a brother, whose name was Manasseh")

Sanballat first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.7.2 (Ant. 11.302)
ᾧ Σαναβαλλέτης ὁ πεμφθεὶς εἰς Σαμάρειαν ὑπὸ Δαρείου τοῦ τελευταίου βασιλέως σατράπης
("Now there was one Sanballat, who was sent by Darius, the last king")

Nicaso first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.7.2 (Ant. 11.303)
τὴν αὐτοῦ θυγατέρα Νικασὼ καλουμένην ("his daughter, whose name was Nicaso")

Philip first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.8.1 (Ant. 11.304)
Φίλιππος ὁ Μακεδόνων βασιλεὺς ("Philip, king of Macedon")

Pausanias first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.8.1 (Ant. 11.304)
Παυσανίου τοῦ Κεράστου ἐκ δὲ τοῦ τῶν Ὀρεστῶν γένους ("Pausanias, the son of Cerastes")

Alexander first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.8.1 (Ant. 11.304)
ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ ... Ἀλέξανδρος ("his son Alexander")

Manasseh subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.8.2 (Ant. 11.308)
τὸν Μανασσῆν ("Manasseh")

Manasseh subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.8.2 (Ant. 11.309)
ὁ Μανασσῆς ("Manasseh")

Sanballat subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.8.2 (Ant. 11.310)
τοῦ δὲ Σαναβαλλέτου ("And then Sanballat")

ὁ Μανασσῆς (Ant. 11.311)

τῷ Σαναβαλλέτῃ (Ant. 11.311)

τὸν Σαναβαλλέτην (Ant. 11.311)

τὸν Μανασσῆν τοῦ Σαναβαλλέτο (Ant. 11.312)

ὁ Σαναβαλλέτης (Ant. 11.315)

τῷ Μανασσῇ (Ant. 11.315)

Babemeses first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.8.3 (Ant. 11.320)
τὸν ἐν αὐτῇ φρούραρχον ὄνομα Βαβημάσιν (Ant. 11.320)

ὁ Σαναβαλλέτης (Ant. 11.321)

ὁ Σαναβαλλέτης (Ant. 11.322)

ὁ Σαναβαλλέτης (Ant. 11.324)

τὸν Μανασσῆ (Ant. 11.324)

ὁ μὲν Σαναβαλλέτης (Ant. 11.325)

ὁ γὰρ Ἀλέξανδρος (Ant. 11.331)

τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον (Ant. 11.332)

Parmenio first mentioned, no definite article
Παρμενίωνος δὲ μόνου ("However, Parmenio alone")

Parmenio subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 11.8.5 (Ant. 11.336)
τὸν Παρμενίωνα ("to Parmenio")

Ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἀλέξανδρος (Ant. 11.340)

τοῦ Σαναβαλλέτου (Ant. 11.345)

Onias first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 11.8.7 (Ant. 11.346)
Ὀνίας ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ ("Onias his son")

Antigonus first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.1.1 (Ant. 12.2)
Ἀντίγονος ("Antigonus")

Seleucus first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.1.1 (Ant. 12.2)
Σέλευκος ("Seleucus")

Lysimachus first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.1.1 (Ant. 12.2)
Λυσίμαχός ("Lysimachus")

Cassander first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.1.1 (Ant. 12.2)
Κάσσανδρος ("Cassander")

Ptolemy first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.1.1 (Ant. 12.2)
Πτολεμαῖος ("Ptolemy")

Agatharchides first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.1.1 (Ant. 12.5)
Ἀγαθαρχίδης ὁ Κνίδιος ("Agatharchides of Cnidus")

Ptolemy subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 12.1.1 (Ant. 12.7)
ὁ δὲ Πτολεμαῖος ("But when Ptolemy")

Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Ptolemy Soter) first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.1 (Ant. 12.11)
Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Σωτῆρος ... ὁ Φιλάδελφος ("Ptolemy Soter ... [Ptolemy] Philadelphus")

Demetrius first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.1 (Ant. 12.12)
Δημήτριος ὁ Φαληρεύς, ὃς ἦν ἐπὶ τῶν βιβλιοθηκῶν τοῦ βασιλέως ("Demetrius Phalerius, who was library keeper to the king")

Ptolemy [Philadelphus] subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 12.1.1 (Ant. 12.13)
τοῦ Πτολεμαίου ("Ptolemy")

Demetrius subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 12.1.1 (Ant. 12.16)
τὸν Δημήτριον ("Demetrius")

Aristeus first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.2 (Ant. 12.17)
Ἀρισταῖος δέ τις φίλος ὢν ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα τῷ βασιλεῖ ("Now there was one Aristeus, who was among the king's most intimate friends")

Sosibius of Tarentum and Andreas first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.2 (Ant. 12.18)
τοῖς ἄρχουσι τῶν σωματοφυλάκων Σωσιβίῳ τῷ Ταραντίνῳ καὶ Ἀνδρέᾳ

Aristeus subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 12.2.2 (Ant. 12.19)
ὁ Ἀρισταῖος ("Aristeus")

Aristeus subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 12.2.3 (Ant. 12.24)
τοῦ Ἀρισταίου ("Aristeus")

Demetrius subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 12.2.4 (Ant. 12.34)
τὸν Δημήτριον ("Demetrius")

Hecateus first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.4 (Ant. 12.38)
Ἑκαταῖος ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης ("Hecateus of Abdera")

Eleazar first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.4 (Ant. 12.40)
τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ τῶν Ἰουδαίων Ἐλεαζάρῳ ("Eleazar, the Jewish high priest")

Simon first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.5 (Ant. 12.43)
ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ Σίμων ("his son Simon")

Onias first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.5 (Ant. 12.44)
κληθέντα Ὀνίαν ("called Onias")

Eleazar first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.5 (Ant. 12.44)
ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ Ἐλεάζαρος ("his brother Eleazar")

Eleazar subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 12.2.6 (Ant. 12.51)
τὸν Ἐλεάζαρον ("Eleazar")

Arsinoe first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.6 (Ant. 12.51)
τῆς βασιλίσσης Ἀρσινόης ("thy queen Arsinoe")

Nicanor first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.12 (Ant. 12.94)
Νικάνωρ ("Nicanor")

Dorotheus first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.12 (Ant. 12.94)
Δωρόθεον ("Dorotheus")

Dorotheus subsequently mentioned, definite article
Ant. 12.2.12 (Ant. 12.97)
τὸν Δωρόθεον ("Dorotheus")

Eleazar first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.12 (Ant. 12.97)
τῶν δὲ παραγενομένων ἕνα Ἐλισαῖον ὄνομα ὄντα ἱερέα
("to one of those that were come to him, whose name was Eleazar, who was a priest")

Menedemus first mentioned, no definite article
Ant. 12.2.13 (Ant.
Μενεδήμου τοῦ φιλοσόφου