Biblical Criticism & History Forum - earlywritings.com

Exodus 26:31
ועשית פרכת תכלת וארגמן ותולעת שני ושש משזר מעשה חשב יעשה אתה כרבים
καὶ ποιήσεις καταπέτασμα ἐξ ὑακίνθου καὶ πορφύρας καὶ κοκκίνου κεκλωσμένου καὶ βύσσου νενησμένης ἔργον ὑφαντὸν ποιήσεις αὐτὸ χερουβιμ

U - Kai
Osit - Poihseis
Prk - Katapetasma
t - ek
Tclt - Uakinthou
U - Kai
Argmn - Porfuras
U - Kai
Tulot - Kokkinou
Sni - Kekiwsmenou
U - Kai
SS - Bussou
Mszr - Nensmenhs
Mose - Ergon
Hsb - Ufanton
Iose - Poihseis
Ate - Auto
Crbim - Xeroubim

If Hebrew & Greek are unrelated then why are both languages structurally identical?

αὐτὸ (Auto) = אתה (Ato).

Did αὐτὸ derive from אתה or vice versa?

The names for the Hebrew Letters are Late, In fact the first letter of the Hebrew
Alphabet is אשר not אלפ (Psalms 119). אלפ is a product of dialects and originally
written more like ואלפ which is χιλου in Greek , Milli in Latin and Calf in English.

A. ו > Ph > Kh (καὶ )
B. ו > B > M

ברד
> בר > Rhodes > Rose

לב
> כלב ( κόλπου ) "Atrium of the Heat"
> قلب qalb "Heart"

Why did Greek & Arabic retain the initial Kh sound?

1 Kings 7:13
ו ישלח ה מלך שלמה ו יקח את חירם מ צר
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων καὶ ἔλαβεν τὸν Χιραμ ἐκ Τύρου

ו - καὶ "and"
ישלח - ἀπέστειλεν "send off"
ה - ὁ * pron sg neut
מלך - βασιλεὺς "King"
שלמה - Σαλωμων "Solomon"
ו - καὶ "And"
יקח - ἔλαβεν "Take"
את - τὸν *article sg masc
חירם - Χιραμ "Hiram"
מ - ἐκ "From *prep proclitic indeclform
צר - Τύρου "Tyre"

The Hebrew word for Take, יקח (yake) resembles the English word. Yake > Dake > Take .

* Why do these 'unrelated' languages have the same Article ? ה - ὁ

Impossible question.
Did ה derive from ὁ or vice versa?

ה = ὁ ( יהודה - Ιουδας )

Articles ( Hebrew & Greek)
1 The noun with the Article may be followed by the Adjective with qualifies it, with the article repeated
2. An Adjective without an Article, which follows a Noun with an Article, is a predicate adjective
3. Proper Nouns may take an Article
4. Abstract Nouns take the Article
5. Nouns qualified by a demonstrative pronoun take the article
6. Numerals take the article
7. the Article appears generally as a demonstrative or personal pronound
8. Without a substantive, ὁ stands for he, she and it
9. Adjectives used as Nouns take the article.
10. The Article may have a generic force, making an object as the Representative of a class
11. Sometimes the article has a distributive force meaning 'each'
12. A neutral article may precede a whole clause considered as a noun.

יונה ( Yonah ) = οἴνας
- A wild pigeon of a οἰνωπός( (Dark or Ruddy) complexion

The Lexicon admits that יונה shares its root with יין which derives from Mycenaean Greek traceable too Linear A.



-Mycenaean Hebrew-
יין (Yayin) "Wine"
יונה (Yonah) "Pigeon, Scarlet worm"
ים ( Yam) " Sea"
דמ ( Dam) "Blood"
אדמ ( Adam) "Ruddy"
דמעה ( Dimah) "blood-tears"
תמר ( Tamar) "Palm Tree"
οἴνῳ (Oine) " Wine"
φοινός (Phoinos) "Blood-Red"
φοινικῷ (Phoinik) "Purple-Red, Palm Tree"
δημός ( Dhmos) "Bodily fat"
δέμας (Demas) "Bodily Frame, inflorescence of the grape vine"
αἱμά ( Aima) "Blood"

οιν > αιμ > αδμ > אדם " Adam"

The Hebrew word for "Scarlet" is תולעת , dialectically rendered σκώληξ in Greek and the Scarlet-worms lives in the leaves of Palm Trees, also, Palm Oil is extracted from the Reddish-Pulp of the Palm tree, thus another reason for the red-name of the tree.

* σκώληξ (Skolik ) = תולעת (Tolik)

The Scarlet-worm appears in Jonah 4 that stricken the קיקיון (Kikion) from κόκκος (grain, seed)
that roots the word κόκκινος ( Kokkinos) "Scarlet" , סכה (cukkah) "Booth" , Coccus "Scarlet-worm"
and the word Cocoon, from which the worms emerge from .

Jonah 4:5 - Jonah made a booth (Cukkah) , sat under the shadow (צֵל) (of the palm tree)
see צאלים (Job 40:21) which cognates the Greek word for tree , "ξύλον .

It thus suggests the Book of Jonah is some kind of Phoenician origin story of the Scarlet-Dye.

Ethan wrote: ↑Fri May 25, 2018 1:34 pm Exodus 26:31 (...)

If Hebrew & Greek are unrelated then why are both languages structurally identical?

Do the same analysis for some other languages. Including languages that you consider unrelated to either Hebrew or Greek. Ethan, are there any languages that you consider unrelated to Hebrew? Unrelated to Greek?


I'll try comparing translations of Genesis 1:1

The usual English translation:
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth

Genesis 1 Interlinear Bible
bə·rê·šîṯ bā·rā ’ĕ·lō·hîm ’êṯ haš·šā·ma·yim wə·’êṯ hā·’ā·reṣ
In-beginning created gods (acc prep) the-heavens and-(acc prep) the-earth
acc prep = accusative (object case) preposition

Greek (Septuagint):
ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν
en arkhêi epoiêsen ho theos ton ouranon kai tên gên
In beginning (dat) created the god (nom) the heaven and the earth (acc)

Latin (Vulgate):
in principio creavit Deus caelum et terram
In beginning (dat-abl) created God (nom) heaven and earth (acc)

German:
Im Anfang schuf Gott die Himmel und die Erde
In the beginning created God the heaven and the earth

Russian:
В начале сотворил Бог небо и землю
V nachale sotvoril Bog nebo i zemlyu
In beginning (prep) created God (nom) heaven and earth (acc)

Finnish:
Alussa loi Jumala taivaan ja maan
Beginning-in (iness) created God (nom) heaven and earth (acc)

Japanese:
まだ何もなかった時、神は天と地を作りました。
Mada nani mo nakatta toki,-shin wa ten to ji o tsukurimashita
Yet nothing when, God (topic) heaven and earth (obj) made
When there was nothing yet, God made heaven and earth (Google Translate)

Chinese:
起 初 ， 神 創 造 天 地 。
Qǐchū, shén chuàngzào tiān de.
At first, God create heaven earth
At first, God created heaven and earth. (Google Translate)

Tamil:
துவக்கத்தில் தேவன் வானத்தையும் பூமியையும் படைத்தார்.
Tuvakkattil tēvaṉ vāṉattaiyum pūmiyaiyum paṭaittār
Initially God heaven earth created

Does that mean that all these languages are very close to each other?

One can find lots of structural differences. Some languages have words for "the" and others don't. Word order varies. "In the beginning" and its counterparts are always at the beginning, but the remaining words have different orders:
Verb subject object -- Hebrew, Greek, Latin, German, Russian, Finnish
Subject verb object -- English, Chinese
Subject object verb -- Japanese, Tamil

They are many variants between the Greek & Hebrew versions of Genesis 1 which suspects editing and amending
so a new Greek translation might be more useful for a better comparison.

ἐποίησεν is a translation both עשה & ברא in Genesis 1
and yet are different words.

עשה - τεύχω
ברא - πρό , περάω, πείρω, φέρω , πυρός , πρός

ALEIM can be split into 3 words AL-E-IM "into the Sea" or "from the Sea"
which occurs in Jonah 1:15

אל־הים
- πρός η θάλασσαν "to the seas"
- εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν "to the sea"
- πρός τὴν θάλασσαν "to the Seas"

The word exists in Greek as one word , ἅλιον , ἁλίοιο, ἁλιάων "of the Sea" (Hes. Th. 1003 )
and used throughout Homer.

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/mor ... n&la=greek
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/mor ... n&la=greek

Ethan wrote: ↑Sat May 26, 2018 11:12 am They are many variants between the Greek & Hebrew versions of Genesis 1 which suspects editing and amending
so a new Greek translation might be more useful for a better comparison.

Presumably making translation-shopping much easier.

Seriously, I will analyze the structure of Genesis 1:1. I can't diagram a sentence very well in ASCII, so this will have to do.

(Verb) create (past)
- (Adverb: Location)
- - (Object Noun Phrase) beginning
- (Subject Noun Phrase) God
- (Object Noun Phrase)
- - (Noun Phrase) heaven
- - (Conjunction) and
- - (Noun Phrase) earth

You can see most or all of this structure across all the translations that I've copied in. Does that mean that all these languages are closely related?

Ethan, if you were to tell some professional linguist about your "discoveries", they would look at you like you have two heads.

It be more like this.

Gen 1:1
ב/ἐν - proclitic preposition
ראשית/ἀρχῇ - Noun Singular feminine
ברא/ἐποίησεν - Verb 3rd person singular
אלהים /θεον - noun sg masc
אתה/τὸν - article sg masc
שמים/οὐρανοί - noun pl masc
ו /καὶ - Conjunction
אתה / τὴν - article sg feminine
ארץ - noun sg fem