Does anyone have On the Historicity of Jesus yet?

Discussion about the New Testament, apocrypha, gnostics, church fathers, Christian origins, historical Jesus or otherwise, etc.
Bertie
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Re: Does anyone have On the Historicity of Jesus yet?

Post by Bertie »

Micro-review:

Expected the definitive statement from this branch of Jesus mythicism and got it. But offered little that experienced readers on this subject haven't more or less read before.
  • The strongest section of the book are the 200 or so pages on hypothesis and background knowledge, especially on the Greco-Roman side of things, Carrier's intellectual wheelhouse. That said, a careful reader will note that a heavy reliance on just three sources: Plutarch, Philo, and the Ascension of Isaiah. And keeping in mind Carrier's beatdown at the hands of Thom Stark a while back, I'm waiting to read what a reviewer competent in the Jewish background might have to say about this section.
  • I'm not convinced in the slightest by Carrier's treatment of the Rank-Raglan hero class, by which he derives prior probabilities for his Bayesean scheme, and I don't thing very many other people are going to be convinced on this matter either. I haven't been able to pin down a solid argument against it yet, but I've a sense there's something too gimmicky, too artificial about the whole thing. I've a vague sense that I could probably "prove" lots of silly things in history by contriving some "reference class" that fits just so whatever I want to prove.
  • Turning to the sections on textual evidence, I was struck by how often what many people might consider relevant evidence is pushed aside as irrelevant, even though what is being constructed is, after all, a probabilistic argument that ought to be able to accommodate evidence of different quality at different weights. Acts of the Apostles? Relevant. Epistle of Barnabas? Irrelevant. And so on.
Bernard Muller
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Re: Does anyone have On the Historicity of Jesus yet?

Post by Bernard Muller »

to Kapyong,
But if Christ was seen as a celestial being then he could have easily, by extension, been seen to be poor in power and humbled by descending the heavens.
Where did you read "poor in power" in 2 Cor 8:9?
That's a bit unfair - Gospel and Acts are not sent to the trash bin - they are evaluated and then determined useless for historicity of Jesus.
What's the difference? the result is the same: useless for the historicity of Jesus. And the book OHJ is about just that, on the historicity of Jesus. So that's as good as sent to the trash can. Anyway, gospels and Acts go against mythicist theory, so it's no wonder they have to be trashed.
But the Ascension of Isaiah is a crucial text for mythicism - it deserves careful study because it describes exactly what Carrier and Doherty claim - a journey from heaven down almost to the earth.
I know that, that's a crucial text for mythicism a la Doherty & Carrier. And despite all its different versions, many signs of later Christianization through interpolations & additions, with the descent & ascension most likely written after Paul's time, it is kept in high regards because of some of its content is favorable to the theory of some mythicists. BTW, AofI does not say the Beloved does not reach earth or he was crucified by demons anywhere.
Carrier quotes 8:26 as "who shall one day descend in your form" ... But Carrier claims these passages are not present in all versions

"been made in your form" is absent in one of the Ethiopic manuscripts (b) but all others have it.
Also consider: "The ascension of Isaiah is a very corrupted and interpolated text, which is considered to have two major sections. The last one, "the vision of Isaiah", chapters 6 to 11, mainly known to us through three Ethiopic (a, b & c), two Latin (L1 & L2) and six Slavonic manuscripts (including SL2),"
From http://historical-jesus.sosblogs.com/Hi ... b1-p73.htm
9:14 follows on with
"And the god of this world will stretch forth his hand against the Son, and they will lay hands upon him and crucify him on a tree".

I answer that on the blog post I just indicated under the section: 3) Does Satan or/and his demons kill by himself/themselves the Beloved?
Showing that this fleshly form [Isaiah's] was the form in which he was crucified in the sub-lunar heaven.
After my analysis, I concluded AofI, as a whole, does not suggest that (I mean the sub-lunar heaven). See my indicated blog post.
But yet he actually said he was doing exactly that :
Paul wrote:
"For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, one from a slave woman and one from a free woman—but the one from the slave woman was born according to the flesh, and the one from the free woman by the promise. Which things are said allegorically. for these [women] are the two testaments, the first being the one from Mount Sinai, which gives birth to slavery. That's Hagar—Hagar meaning Mount Sinai in Arabia, which corresponds to Jerusalem now, for she is enslaved with her children. But the Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother ... "
No he does not: read the first sentence of the quote "For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, one from a slave woman and one from a free woman". This is not part of the allegory: it comes later. These two women are real for Paul. And even if Hagar is used in the allegory, that does not make her other than earthly human in the past.
The whole passage is allegory, starting with :
"If you are Christ's, then you [like him] are the sperm of Abraham, heirs according to the promise"
I do not read here Paul is talking about allegory. The allegory will start later, at 4:23, as Paul indicated in the following verse (4:24).
I found something strange in Carrier's argument: He acknowledges Jesus being of the seed of David, according to the flesh (which would make him a descendant of Sarah, the free woman) but Carrier has Jesus symbolically descendant of Hagar, the slave woman. Not a good match!
I have read your blogpost - if the future tense can mean Solomon, it can also mean the Messiah to come.
As for building a house - didn't Jesus build up a house that was destroyed in 3 days ?
A few rare examples of ginomai used elsewhere doesn't remove the strangeness of Paul using the word purely for Jesus and gennao elsewhere.
All in all, I don't think you have demolished Carrier's point - you have a reasonable argument, but so does he.
The context in 2 Samuel 7 says Solomon. Even Carrier said you have to pesher the text to think otherwise.
"didn't Jesus build up a house that was destroyed in 3 days". Gosh, do you really think Jesus said that? It is drawn from these gospels, which, BTW, were still not written in Paul's times.
Ginomai is used, as I explained, to take in account, for Paul, Jesus was pre-existent and therefore not born, as starting his life after birth from a woman. Instead "made/become/come from a woman" suggests the mean of incarnation, away from the birthing process.
I think Carrier's argument is fine - in the case of mythicism, something like this makes perfect sense. Carrier's argument is to assume mythicism then see if the evidence supports it, then to assume historicism and see if the evidence supports that. In this case, assuming mythicism produces a result that fits quite well.
Carrier admitted twice the need of imagination in order to arrive to the desired conclusion.

Cordially, Bernard
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Bernard Muller
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Re: Does anyone have On the Historicity of Jesus yet?

Post by Bernard Muller »

to Kapyong,
Makes sense to me - this happened in the realm of 'flesh', the Air Beneath the Moon, the realm of corruption and change - here Christ could be born to the old covenant through the celestial Hagar, only to be crucified in that realm so we could be made free.
Where did you get Hagar was celestial?
BTW, the air is not known for his flesh. Earth does.
Not at all - Paul saw TWO Hagar's - the historical and the allegorical (celestial), like the Jerusalem above and Jerusalem below. "As Above So Below" to quote the Ascension of Isaiah.
Can you explain that? Where did Paul deal with two Hagar's?
An allegorical (celestial) Hagar can live for ever - like the Prince of Powers of the Air.
Paul never wrote that Hagar was allegorical or celestial & eternal. She is used in an allegory, that's it. She represents mount Sinai (where the Law was created), the Jerusalem that is (which enforced the Law) and the old covenant (based on the Law).

Cordially, Bernard
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Kapyong
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The Fleshly lower heaven where Christ was crucified

Post by Kapyong »

Gday,
Bernard Muller wrote: BTW, the air is not known for his flesh. Earth does.
But that's where you're wrong - the realm below the firmament is the realm of flesh, of corruption, of change :

Image

The Air Beneath the Moon, or here the Lower Heavens beneath the firmament is still a fleshly sphere, even though it is above the earth. THAT is where Christ was crucified :

Image

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Kapyong
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Poor in Power - comparing probabilities

Post by Kapyong »

Gday,
Bernard Muller wrote:Where did you read "poor in power" in 2 Cor 8:9?
I am arguing it is there by context if we have assumed mythicism.

Carrier's new method is to assume each in turn - historicism and mythicism - and evaluates the evidence to ascertain the probability that it would look that way given each assumption.

Under historicity this passage would indeed read that way with a fairly high probability - say 90%

Under mythicism it is still compatible - a person knowing Jesus was celestial and descended the heavens would know perfectly well that being made poor meant essentially poor in power from the context and that humbling himself meant his descent. I would still rate it 90% under mythicism.

That makes it a wash - this item is useless in deciding if Jesus was historical.

Carrier's method is to compare probabilities - not to just decide ad hoc that one possibility is best.


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Kapyong
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On AofI - reaching earth and being crucified

Post by Kapyong »

Gday Bernard,
Bernard Muller wrote:BTW, AofI does not say the Beloved does not reach earth or he was crucified by demons anywhere.
But it doesn't clearly say he DID reach earth either - that is frustatingly unclear from the differences in the MSS.

As to the second point he was clearly hung on a tree by the god of this world - i.e. Satan, close enough.


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neilgodfrey
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Re: Does anyone have On the Historicity of Jesus yet?

Post by neilgodfrey »

Bernard Muller wrote: BTW, the air is not known for his flesh. Earth does.
Varro, Philo and Apuleius all testify to the ancient belief of this time that air filled the whole space between the earth and the moon. This was the region of mutability and fleshly animals/birds (including humans) as well as of demons. The association of air with earth is a modern scientific notion.
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MrMacSon
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Re: Does anyone have On the Historicity of Jesus yet?

Post by MrMacSon »

Varro, Philo & Apuleius all testify to the ancient belief - of this that? time - that air filled the whole space between the earth & the moon. This was the region of mutability & fleshly animals/birds (including humans), as well as of demons. The association of air with earth is a modern scientific notion determination.
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Peter Kirby
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Re: Does anyone have On the Historicity of Jesus yet?

Post by Peter Kirby »

Bertie wrote:And keeping in mind Carrier's beatdown at the hands of Thom Stark a while back
I am not completely familiar with the ins and outs of this Thom Stark - Richard Carrier thing, but from what I can tell, it's a red herring.

It's a red herring because it's being used to (a) discredit Richard Carrier as an academic and (b) discredit Carrier's Jesus thesis as well, when it does neither.

Here's what Thom Stark, MA Emmanuel School of Religion, actually says in his original article... and what his article does, if anything, is exactly what it says on the tin.

"I’ll look at two major pieces of evidence Carrier provides for his thesis and show why they really come to naught, when examined properly."

"his thesis" = an argument regarding pre-existing Jewish beliefs about a suffering (even a dying) Messiah that drew on particular textual evidence. Not the thesis that gets people hot and bothered. A thesis regarding the interpretation of two texts... and anyone could go either way on this thesis without changing their mind regarding the historicity of Jesus.

There's nothing wrong with a historical Jesus and a sectarian Jewish belief in the second temple period regarding a suffering messiah. There's also nothing wrong with no historical Jesus and no sectarian Jewish belief in the second temple period regarding a suffering messiah that can be shown pre-Christian.

So Thom Stark takes Carrier to task over his interpretation of these texts and whether they evince the idea as suggested. Fair enough, of course, and Thom Stark originally doesn't overplay his hand and says he will:

"... take the high road. I’ll conclude that Carrier has nice credentials, is generally competent, and that I often find myself in agreement with him, but in this case at least, Carrier’s handling of the evidence has been sub-par, and he has in fact marshaled no valid evidence to support his thesis."

That's very charitable, but apparently others prefer a quick trip down the low road:

"Thom Stark buries Richard Carrier" - Joel Watts
"Stark Cold-Cocks Carrier" - some guy
"Thom Stark runs over Richard Carrier" - Joel Watts
"Carrier's beatdown at the hands of Thom Stark" - Bertie

With all the metaphors of gladitorial combat, you'd think a lot more was said and demonstrated than actually was. None of the melodrama is merited, even if someone were to consider Thom Stark's argument 100% accurate in all points.

The quality of the discussion certainly will improve as soon as people start thinking about the subject rather than clinging to shibboleths and heroes in order to shore up their doubts.
"... almost every critical biblical position was earlier advanced by skeptics." - Raymond Brown
stevencarrwork
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Re: Does anyone have On the Historicity of Jesus yet?

Post by stevencarrwork »

STARK
The fact of the matter is that 11Q13 quotes from Isaiah 52:7 to help paint a portrait of an eschatological angelic redeemer who would bring salvation and deliver Israel from its celestial enemies.

CARR
I guess this utterly refutes claims by Carrier that the early Christians thought of Jesus as an eschatological redeemer who was not a human being on earth, and who brought salvation.
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