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How did ancient people react to the foreignness of Christianity?

Posted: Wed Dec 22, 2021 1:25 pm
by Jagd
Did ancient people find the adoption of pseudo-Judaean customs and stories exotic? Or did the foreignness of the religion become a hard barrier? Did early Christians even adopt much Judaean customs (the Pliny letter makes it seem like most Christians were simply worshipping Christ as a god and that's that)?

I know that either Julian or Celsus remarked that these Christians were just pretending to be Judaeans, and that Marcion had a major issue with Christians adopting the Judaic god and scriptures (suggesting that his Unknown God was already a part of the Christianity he joined, and not something he invented?), but are there major examples from history where a people either enjoyed or rejected the foreignness of Christianity?

Re: How did ancient people react to the foreignness of Christianity?

Posted: Wed Dec 22, 2021 3:30 pm
by John2
Wilken's The Christians as the Romans Saw Them would be a good place to start.


https://www.google.com/books/edition/Th ... frontcover

Re: How did ancient people react to the foreignness of Christianity?

Posted: Wed Dec 22, 2021 4:10 pm
by perseusomega9
It went a little something like this

Re: How did ancient people react to the foreignness of Christianity?

Posted: Wed Dec 22, 2021 10:07 pm
by GakuseiDon
Jagd wrote: Wed Dec 22, 2021 1:25 pm Did ancient people find the adoption of pseudo-Judaean customs and stories exotic? Or did the foreignness of the religion become a hard barrier?
I think for the common pagan that all they knew about Christianity was hearsay. My most favorite piece of Second Century apologist writing is Minicius Felix's "Octavius". The story has the author meet up with a pagan friend and a Christian friend. The first half is the pagan friend ripping into Christianity as he saw it at the time. The second half is the Christian friend's response. I think this gives you an idea of what people thought about Christianity in the second half of the Second Century.

Just a taste (pun intended!) of some of the criticisms about Christianity in the first part:
http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/t ... avius.html

I hear that they adore the head of an ass, that basest of creatures, consecrated by I know not what silly persuasion,--a worthy and appropriate religion for such manners. Some say that they worship the virilia of their pontiff and priest, and adore the nature, as it were, of their common parent. I know not whether these things are false; certainly suspicion is applicable to secret and nocturnal rites; and he who explains their ceremonies by reference to a man punished by extreme suffering for his wickedness, and to the deadly wood of the cross, appropriates fitting altars for reprobate and wicked men, that they may worship what they deserve. Now the story about the initiation of young novices is as much to be detested as it is well known. An infant covered over with meal, that it may deceive the unwary, is placed before him who is to be stained with their rites: this infant is slain by the young pupil, who has been urged on as if to harmless blows on the surface of the meal, with dark and secret wounds.

Thirstily--O horror!--they lick up its blood; eagerly they divide its limbs. By this victim they are pledged together; with this consciousness of wickedness they are covenanted to mutual silence. Such sacred rites as these are more foul than any sacrileges.

On the question of the difference between Judaism and Christianity, the antagonist says this:

Moreover, whence or who is he, or where is the one God, solitary, desolate, whom no free people, no kingdoms, and not even Roman superstition, have known? The lonely and miserable nationality of the Jews worshipped one God, and one peculiar to itself; but they worshipped him openly, with temples, with altars, with victims, and with ceremonies; and he has so little force or power, that he is enslaved, with his own special nation, to the Roman deities. But the Christians, moreover, what wonders, what monstrosities do they feign!--that he who is their God, whom they can neither show nor behold, inquires diligently into the character of all, the acts of all, and, in fine, into their words and secret thoughts; that he runs about everywhere, and is everywhere present: they make him out to be troublesome, restless, even shamelessly inquisitive, since he is present at everything that is done, wanders in and out in all places, although, being occupied with the whole, he cannot give attention to particulars, nor can he be sufficient for the whole while he is busied with particulars.

There's lots more criticisms about Christianity as well. Seriously, well worth a read! Though it is written by a Christian apologist defending Christianity, the whole thing is an insight into the beliefs of the time, both Roman and Christian.

Re: How did ancient people react to the foreignness of Christianity?

Posted: Fri Dec 24, 2021 5:43 am
by rgprice
Good question, but very hard to answer, especially since the process played out of a period of like 500 years in Roman terms and of course continues on to this day. But I think a key to understanding this is to know that many Romans/Greek had religious conceptions of the word that weren't actually so foreign to Christianity, or rather that Christianity wasn't really quite so new as one may think.

Christianity had a lot in common with the Orphic mysteries. Most Romans/Greek and others throughout the Mediterranean already believed in a "Highest God". They already believed in a judgement of the soul after death. They already believed in a succession of ages and an ultimate end of the world. They already equated many gods to the Highest God, believing that many cultures worshiped the same god/gods under different names. So for many, the god of Jesus may never really have been seen as different from Jupiter/Zeus, just a different understanding of who Jupiter/Zeus really was. And for some they already thought of the Highest God as some god above Jupiter/Zeus or as an unnamed god.

I think the biggest issue is that "pagan" religion was more sophisticated than we typically give credit, because we typically see pagans through the eyes of Christian history. But I think there were far more similarities than we imagine. Like the Jews, it became largely a matter of recognizing the other "gods" as lesser beings, i.e. angels and demons. All Judaism really is is Canaanite polytheism in which the many gods are turned into angels and the identity of several main gods are combined into the identity of the single Highest God, who takes on the roles of all the main Canaanite gods.

So, in many ways, since Judaism was really derived form polytheism, and actually developed within the common framework of Mediterranean religions, it wasn't actually all that foreign.

Re: How did ancient people react to the foreignness of Christianity?

Posted: Fri Dec 24, 2021 6:38 am
by davidmartin
the interesting thing about that quote from Felix is how concerned he seems to be, why does he even care?
must be because Christianity is encroaching on political power and he doesn't like it

Re: How did ancient people react to the foreignness of Christianity?

Posted: Fri Dec 24, 2021 2:13 pm
by GakuseiDon
davidmartin wrote: Fri Dec 24, 2021 6:38 am the interesting thing about that quote from Felix is how concerned he seems to be, why does he even care?
must be because Christianity is encroaching on political power and he doesn't like it
The author, Minucius Felix, is a Christian apologist, so when reading his writings that needs to be kept in mind. But I think he is accurately reproducing criticisms about Christianity during that time, as similar criticisms about Christianity pop up in the writings of other Christian apologists of the time. The Christian protagonist is Octavius, and the pagan antagonist is Caecilius.

Re: How did ancient people react to the foreignness of Christianity?

Posted: Fri Dec 24, 2021 2:26 pm
by lsayre
How might any relatively civilized culture react to a secretive cult claimed to profess to a ritual that includes eating someones flesh and drinking their blood?

Re: How did ancient people react to the foreignness of Christianity?

Posted: Fri Dec 24, 2021 2:39 pm
by GakuseiDon
lsayre wrote: Fri Dec 24, 2021 2:26 pm How might any relatively civilized culture react to a secretive cult claimed to profess to a ritual that includes eating someones flesh and drinking their blood?
Exactly. No temples, secretive night-time rituals, "free love" orgies. And not only that, the founder they worship was a crucified criminal who said it was good to eat human flesh and drink human blood!